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copied from non-inv but have done into/abstract

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Robin Clark 2011-06-02 18:13:13 +01:00
parent 0933c018db
commit b079e75c4e
3 changed files with 140 additions and 58 deletions
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27
invopamp/Makefile Normal file
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DIA_IMAGES = dc1.png fg1b.png fgampa.png fgamp.png opamp.png fg1a.png fg1.png fgampb.png op1.png
#
#
#
%.png : %.dia
dia $< -e $@
echo source $< target $@
#graphics: $(DIA_IMAGES)
paper: paper.tex invopamp_paper.tex $(DIA_IMAGES)
#latex paper.tex
#dvipdf paper pdflatex cannot use eps ffs
pdflatex paper.tex
cp paper.pdf invopamp_paper.pdf
okular invopamp_paper.pdf
# Remove the need for referncing graphics in subdirectories
#
invopamp_paper.tex: invopamp.tex paper.tex
cat invopamp.tex | sed 's/invopamp\///' > invopamp_paper.tex
bib:
bibtex paper

120
invopamp/invopamp.tex
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@ -8,25 +8,27 @@ This paper analyses an inverting op-amp
configuration, with the opamp and gain resistors using the FMMD configuration, with the opamp and gain resistors using the FMMD
methodology. methodology.
% %
It has three base components, two resistors It has five base components, ifour resistors %two resistors programming gain, two programming a reference, or virtual ground voltage
and one op-amp. and one op-amp.
The two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain Two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain
of the amplifier. We consider the two resistors as a functional group of the amplifier, and another pair to set the reference or virtual ground voltage.
where their function is to operate as a current balance/virtual ground. We consider two of the resistors as a functional group, a potential divider
where their function is to operate as a virtual ground volatge reference.
The gain resistors work with the op-amp to determeine the gain characteristics.
% %
The base component error modes of the The base component error modes of the
resistors are used to model the current balance/virtual ground from components are used to model the amplifier from
a failure mode perspective. a failure mode perspective.
% %
We determine the failure symptoms of the current balance/virtual ground and We determine the failure symptoms of the potential divider and
consider these as failure modes of a new derived component. consider this as a derived component.
We can now create a functional group representing the non-inverting amplifier, We can now create a functional group representing the inverting amplifier,
by bringing the failure modes from the current balance/virtual ground and by bringing the failure modes from the potential divider and
the op-amp into a functional group. the op-amp with its gain programming resistors into a functional group.
% %
This can be analysed and a derived component to represent the non inverting This can be analysed and a derived component to represent the inverting
amplifier determined. amplifier determined.
} }
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction}
@ -36,25 +38,27 @@ This chapter analyses an inverting op-amp
configuration, with the opamp and gain resistors using the FMMD configuration, with the opamp and gain resistors using the FMMD
methodology. methodology.
% %
It has three base components, two resistors It has five base components, ifour resistors %two resistors programming gain, two programming a reference, or virtual ground voltage
and one op-amp.\section{Introduction} and one op-amp.
The two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain Two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain
of the amplifier. We consider the two resistors as a functional group of the amplifier, and another pair to set the reference or virtual ground voltage.
where their function is to operate as a current balance/virtual ground. We consider two of the resistors as a functional group, a potential divider
where their function is to operate as a virtual ground volatge reference.
The gain resistors work with the op-amp to determeine the gain characteristics.
% %
The base component error modes of the The base component error modes of the
resistors are used to model the current balance/virtual ground from components are used to model the amplifier from
a failure mode perspective. a failure mode perspective.
% %
We determine the failure symptoms of the current balance/virtual ground and We determine the failure symptoms of the potential divider and
consider these as failure modes of a new derived component. consider this as a derived component.
We can create a functional group representing the non-inverting amplifier, We can now create a functional group representing the inverting amplifier,
by bringing the failure modes from the current balance/virtual ground and by bringing the failure modes from the potential divider and
the op-amp into a functional group. the op-amp with its gain programming resistors into a functional group.
% %
This can now be analysed and a derived component to represent the non inverting This can be analysed and a derived component to represent the inverting
amplifier determined. amplifier determined.
\section{Introduction: The non-inverting amplifier} \section{Introduction: The non-inverting amplifier}
} }
@ -64,13 +68,13 @@ amplifier determined.
A standard non inverting op amp (from ``The Art of Electronics'' ~\cite{aoe}[pp.234]) is shown in figure \ref{fig:noninvamp}. A standard non inverting op amp (from ``The Art of Electronics'' ~\cite{aoe}[pp.234]) is shown in figure \ref{fig:noninvamp}.
\begin{figure}[h] % \begin{figure}[h]
\centering % \centering
\includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/noninv.png} % \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/noninv.png}
% noninv.jpg: 341x186 pixel, 72dpi, 12.03x6.56 cm, bb=0 0 341 186 % % noninv.jpg: 341x186 pixel, 72dpi, 12.03x6.56 cm, bb=0 0 341 186
\caption{Standard non inverting amplifier configuration} % \caption{Standard non inverting amplifier configuration}
\label{fig:noninvamp} % \label{fig:noninvamp}
\end{figure} % \end{figure}
@ -125,13 +129,13 @@ Thus $R1$ has failure modes $\{R1\_OPEN, R1\_SHORT\}$ and $R2$ has failure modes
Modelling this as a functional group, we can draw a simple closed curve Modelling this as a functional group, we can draw a simple closed curve
to represent each failure mode, taken from the components R1 and R2, to represent each failure mode, taken from the components R1 and R2,
in the current balance/virtual ground, shown in figure \ref{fig:fg1}. in the current balance/virtual ground, shown in figure \ref{fig:fg1}.
\begin{figure}[h] % \begin{figure}[h]
\centering % \centering
\includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1.png} % \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1.png}
% fg1.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 % % fg1.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271
\caption{current balance/virtual ground `functional group' failure modes} % \caption{current balance/virtual ground `functional group' failure modes}
\label{fig:fg1} % \label{fig:fg1}
\end{figure} % \end{figure}
} }
{ {
} }
@ -198,13 +202,13 @@ Each labelled asterisk in the diagram represents a failure mode scenario.
The failure mode scenarios are given test case numbers, and an example to clarify this follows The failure mode scenarios are given test case numbers, and an example to clarify this follows
in table~\ref{pdfmea}. in table~\ref{pdfmea}.
\begin{figure}[h+] % \begin{figure}[h+]
\centering % \centering
\includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1a.png} % \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1a.png}
% fg1a.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 % % fg1a.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271
\caption{current balance/virtual ground with test cases} % \caption{current balance/virtual ground with test cases}
\label{fig:fg1a} % \label{fig:fg1a}
\end{figure} % \end{figure}
} }
{ {
} }
@ -301,13 +305,13 @@ have two symptoms, where the current balance/virtual ground will give an incorre
or an incorrect high voltage (which we can term $HighPD$). or an incorrect high voltage (which we can term $HighPD$).
We can represent the collection of these symptoms by drawing connecting lines between We can represent the collection of these symptoms by drawing connecting lines between
the test cases and naming them (see figure \ref{fig:fg1b}). the test cases and naming them (see figure \ref{fig:fg1b}).
\begin{figure}[h+] % \begin{figure}[h+]
\centering % \centering
\includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1b.png} % \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1b.png}
% fg1b.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 % % fg1b.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271
\caption{Collection of current balance/virtual ground failure mode symptoms} % \caption{Collection of current balance/virtual ground failure mode symptoms}
\label{fig:fg1b} % \label{fig:fg1b}
\end{figure} % \end{figure}
%\clearpage %\clearpage
We can now make a `derived component' to represent this current balance/virtual ground. We can now make a `derived component' to represent this current balance/virtual ground.
@ -317,13 +321,13 @@ We can use the symbol $\bowtie$ to represent taking the analysed
{\fg} and creating from it, a {\dc}. {\fg} and creating from it, a {\dc}.
%We could represent it algebraically thus: $ \bowtie(PotDiv) = %We could represent it algebraically thus: $ \bowtie(PotDiv) =
\begin{figure}[h+] % \begin{figure}[h+]
\centering % \centering
\includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/dc1.png} % \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/dc1.png}
% dc1.jpg: 430x619 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x21.84 cm, bb=0 0 430 619 % % dc1.jpg: 430x619 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x21.84 cm, bb=0 0 430 619
\caption{From functional group to derived component} % \caption{From functional group to derived component}
\label{fig:dc1} % \label{fig:dc1}
\end{figure} % \end{figure}
} }
{ {
} }

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invopamp/paper.tex Normal file
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\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amsthm}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.gates.logic.US,trees,positioning,arrows}
\input{../style}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes}
\newboolean{paper}
\setboolean{paper}{true} % boolvar=true or false
\newboolean{pld}
\setboolean{pld}{false} % boolvar=true or false : draw analysis using propositional logic diagrams
\newboolean{dag}
\setboolean{dag}{true} % boolvar=true or false : draw analysis using directed acylic graphs
\def\layersep{2.5cm}
%\newtheorem{definition}{Definition:}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
%\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{ \emph{#1}}{}}
\fancyhead[LO]{}
\fancyhead[RE]{\leftmark}
%\fancyfoot[LE,RO]{\thepage}
\cfoot{Page \thepage\ of \pageref{LastPage}}
\rfoot{\today}
\lhead{Two stage FMMD analysis of an inverting op-amp configuration}
%\outerhead{{\small\bf Developing a rigorous bottom-up modular static failure mode modelling methodology}}
%\innerfoot{{\small\bf R.P. Clark } }
% numbers at outer edges
\pagenumbering{arabic} % Arabic page numbers hereafter
\author{R.P.Clark}
\title{Two stage FMMD analysis of a an inverting op-amp configuration}
\maketitle
\input{invopamp_paper}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{../vmgbibliography,../mybib}
\today
\end{document}