From b079e75c4e615c14215bf1c8a87a7c9e911a6598 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Robin Clark Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2011 18:13:13 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] copied from non-inv but have done into/abstract --- invopamp/Makefile | 27 ++++++++++ invopamp/invopamp.tex | 120 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- invopamp/paper.tex | 51 ++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) create mode 100644 invopamp/Makefile create mode 100644 invopamp/paper.tex diff --git a/invopamp/Makefile b/invopamp/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a030879 --- /dev/null +++ b/invopamp/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +DIA_IMAGES = dc1.png fg1b.png fgampa.png fgamp.png opamp.png fg1a.png fg1.png fgampb.png op1.png +# +# +# + +%.png : %.dia + dia $< -e $@ + echo source $< target $@ + +#graphics: $(DIA_IMAGES) + +paper: paper.tex invopamp_paper.tex $(DIA_IMAGES) + #latex paper.tex + #dvipdf paper pdflatex cannot use eps ffs + pdflatex paper.tex + cp paper.pdf invopamp_paper.pdf + okular invopamp_paper.pdf + + +# Remove the need for referncing graphics in subdirectories +# +invopamp_paper.tex: invopamp.tex paper.tex + cat invopamp.tex | sed 's/invopamp\///' > invopamp_paper.tex + +bib: + bibtex paper + diff --git a/invopamp/invopamp.tex b/invopamp/invopamp.tex index 4e898bb..0bfa347 100644 --- a/invopamp/invopamp.tex +++ b/invopamp/invopamp.tex @@ -8,25 +8,27 @@ This paper analyses an inverting op-amp configuration, with the opamp and gain resistors using the FMMD methodology. % -It has three base components, two resistors +It has five base components, ifour resistors %two resistors programming gain, two programming a reference, or virtual ground voltage and one op-amp. -The two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain -of the amplifier. We consider the two resistors as a functional group -where their function is to operate as a current balance/virtual ground. +Two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain +of the amplifier, and another pair to set the reference or virtual ground voltage. +We consider two of the resistors as a functional group, a potential divider +where their function is to operate as a virtual ground volatge reference. +The gain resistors work with the op-amp to determeine the gain characteristics. % The base component error modes of the -resistors are used to model the current balance/virtual ground from +components are used to model the amplifier from a failure mode perspective. % -We determine the failure symptoms of the current balance/virtual ground and -consider these as failure modes of a new derived component. +We determine the failure symptoms of the potential divider and +consider this as a derived component. -We can now create a functional group representing the non-inverting amplifier, -by bringing the failure modes from the current balance/virtual ground and -the op-amp into a functional group. +We can now create a functional group representing the inverting amplifier, +by bringing the failure modes from the potential divider and +the op-amp with its gain programming resistors into a functional group. % -This can be analysed and a derived component to represent the non inverting +This can be analysed and a derived component to represent the inverting amplifier determined. } \section{Introduction} @@ -36,25 +38,27 @@ This chapter analyses an inverting op-amp configuration, with the opamp and gain resistors using the FMMD methodology. % -It has three base components, two resistors -and one op-amp.\section{Introduction} +It has five base components, ifour resistors %two resistors programming gain, two programming a reference, or virtual ground voltage +and one op-amp. -The two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain -of the amplifier. We consider the two resistors as a functional group -where their function is to operate as a current balance/virtual ground. +Two resistors are used as a current balance/virtual ground to program the gain +of the amplifier, and another pair to set the reference or virtual ground voltage. +We consider two of the resistors as a functional group, a potential divider +where their function is to operate as a virtual ground volatge reference. +The gain resistors work with the op-amp to determeine the gain characteristics. % The base component error modes of the -resistors are used to model the current balance/virtual ground from +components are used to model the amplifier from a failure mode perspective. % -We determine the failure symptoms of the current balance/virtual ground and -consider these as failure modes of a new derived component. +We determine the failure symptoms of the potential divider and +consider this as a derived component. -We can create a functional group representing the non-inverting amplifier, -by bringing the failure modes from the current balance/virtual ground and -the op-amp into a functional group. +We can now create a functional group representing the inverting amplifier, +by bringing the failure modes from the potential divider and +the op-amp with its gain programming resistors into a functional group. % -This can now be analysed and a derived component to represent the non inverting +This can be analysed and a derived component to represent the inverting amplifier determined. \section{Introduction: The non-inverting amplifier} } @@ -64,13 +68,13 @@ amplifier determined. A standard non inverting op amp (from ``The Art of Electronics'' ~\cite{aoe}[pp.234]) is shown in figure \ref{fig:noninvamp}. -\begin{figure}[h] - \centering - \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/noninv.png} - % noninv.jpg: 341x186 pixel, 72dpi, 12.03x6.56 cm, bb=0 0 341 186 - \caption{Standard non inverting amplifier configuration} - \label{fig:noninvamp} -\end{figure} +% \begin{figure}[h] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/noninv.png} +% % noninv.jpg: 341x186 pixel, 72dpi, 12.03x6.56 cm, bb=0 0 341 186 +% \caption{Standard non inverting amplifier configuration} +% \label{fig:noninvamp} +% \end{figure} @@ -125,13 +129,13 @@ Thus $R1$ has failure modes $\{R1\_OPEN, R1\_SHORT\}$ and $R2$ has failure modes Modelling this as a functional group, we can draw a simple closed curve to represent each failure mode, taken from the components R1 and R2, in the current balance/virtual ground, shown in figure \ref{fig:fg1}. -\begin{figure}[h] - \centering - \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1.png} - % fg1.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 - \caption{current balance/virtual ground `functional group' failure modes} - \label{fig:fg1} -\end{figure} +% \begin{figure}[h] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1.png} +% % fg1.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 +% \caption{current balance/virtual ground `functional group' failure modes} +% \label{fig:fg1} +% \end{figure} } { } @@ -198,13 +202,13 @@ Each labelled asterisk in the diagram represents a failure mode scenario. The failure mode scenarios are given test case numbers, and an example to clarify this follows in table~\ref{pdfmea}. -\begin{figure}[h+] - \centering - \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1a.png} - % fg1a.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 - \caption{current balance/virtual ground with test cases} - \label{fig:fg1a} -\end{figure} +% \begin{figure}[h+] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1a.png} +% % fg1a.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 +% \caption{current balance/virtual ground with test cases} +% \label{fig:fg1a} +% \end{figure} } { } @@ -301,13 +305,13 @@ have two symptoms, where the current balance/virtual ground will give an incorre or an incorrect high voltage (which we can term $HighPD$). We can represent the collection of these symptoms by drawing connecting lines between the test cases and naming them (see figure \ref{fig:fg1b}). -\begin{figure}[h+] - \centering - \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1b.png} - % fg1b.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 - \caption{Collection of current balance/virtual ground failure mode symptoms} - \label{fig:fg1b} -\end{figure} +% \begin{figure}[h+] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/fg1b.png} +% % fg1b.jpg: 430x271 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x9.56 cm, bb=0 0 430 271 +% \caption{Collection of current balance/virtual ground failure mode symptoms} +% \label{fig:fg1b} +% \end{figure} %\clearpage We can now make a `derived component' to represent this current balance/virtual ground. @@ -317,13 +321,13 @@ We can use the symbol $\bowtie$ to represent taking the analysed {\fg} and creating from it, a {\dc}. %We could represent it algebraically thus: $ \bowtie(PotDiv) = -\begin{figure}[h+] - \centering - \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/dc1.png} - % dc1.jpg: 430x619 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x21.84 cm, bb=0 0 430 619 - \caption{From functional group to derived component} - \label{fig:dc1} -\end{figure} +% \begin{figure}[h+] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=200pt,keepaspectratio=true]{./invopamp/dc1.png} +% % dc1.jpg: 430x619 pixel, 72dpi, 15.17x21.84 cm, bb=0 0 430 619 +% \caption{From functional group to derived component} +% \label{fig:dc1} +% \end{figure} } { } diff --git a/invopamp/paper.tex b/invopamp/paper.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d4fcb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/invopamp/paper.tex @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ + +\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article} + +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{fancyhdr} +\usepackage{tikz} +\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amsthm} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes.gates.logic.US,trees,positioning,arrows} +\input{../style} +\usepackage{ifthen} +\usepackage{lastpage} +\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes} + +\newboolean{paper} +\setboolean{paper}{true} % boolvar=true or false + +\newboolean{pld} +\setboolean{pld}{false} % boolvar=true or false : draw analysis using propositional logic diagrams + +\newboolean{dag} +\setboolean{dag}{true} % boolvar=true or false : draw analysis using directed acylic graphs +\def\layersep{2.5cm} + + +%\newtheorem{definition}{Definition:} + +\begin{document} +\pagestyle{fancy} +\fancyhf{} +%\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{ \emph{#1}}{}} +\fancyhead[LO]{} +\fancyhead[RE]{\leftmark} +%\fancyfoot[LE,RO]{\thepage} +\cfoot{Page \thepage\ of \pageref{LastPage}} +\rfoot{\today} +\lhead{Two stage FMMD analysis of an inverting op-amp configuration} + +%\outerhead{{\small\bf Developing a rigorous bottom-up modular static failure mode modelling methodology}} +%\innerfoot{{\small\bf R.P. Clark } } + % numbers at outer edges +\pagenumbering{arabic} % Arabic page numbers hereafter +\author{R.P.Clark} +\title{Two stage FMMD analysis of a an inverting op-amp configuration} +\maketitle +\input{invopamp_paper} + +\bibliographystyle{plain} +\bibliography{../vmgbibliography,../mybib} + +\today +\end{document}