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\label{sec:chap2}
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The generic and statistical European Safety Standard, EN61508:6\cite{en61508}[B.6.6]
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describes FMEA as:
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describes Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) as:
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\begin{quotation}
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``To analyse a system design, by examining all possible sources of failure
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of a system's components and determining the effects of these failures
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@ -262,8 +262,9 @@ is significantly reduced, enough for some standards to exclude it~\cite{en298}~\
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\paragraph{Resistor failure modes according to EN298.}
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EN298, the European gas burner safety standard, tends to
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provide failure modes more directly usable for performing FMEA than FMD-91.
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EN298, the European gas burner safety standard,
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tends to be give failure modes more directly
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usable for performing FMEA than FMD-91.
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%
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EN298 requires that a full FMEA be undertaken, examining all failure modes
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of all electronic components~\cite{en298}[11.2 5] as part of the certification process.
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@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ that we got from FMD-91, listed in equation~\ref{eqn:opampfms}.
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FS8: PIN 8 OPEN & & (Vcc) disconnected & & $NOOP_A$ and $NOOP_B$ \\ \hline
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& & & & \\
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& & & & \\
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submission_thesis/CH2_FMEA/copy.tex submission_thesis/CH2_FMEA/copy.tex.03APR2012
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& & & & \\ \hline
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FS9: PIN 1 $\stackrel{short}{\longrightarrow}$ PIN 2 & & A -ve 100\% Feed back, low gain & & $LOW_A$ \\ \hline
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@ -347,3 +347,13 @@ we thus reveal design deficiencies.
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%in the hardware/software interface.
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In Safety Integrity Level (SIL)~\cite{en61508} terms, by identifying undetectable faults and fixing them, we raise
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the safe failure fraction (SFF).
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\section{Conclusion}
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It is the authors belfief that the practise of FMEA would be imporoved by taking a modular approach
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and that it is necessary that software and hardware should be included n the same failure mode models.
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%
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The proposed methodology, FMMD, provides the means to do this, and it is the authors hope that this
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or a variant thereof is taken up and used to improve system safety.
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