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\newcommand{\ft}{\ensuremath{4\!\!\rightarrow\!\!20mA} }
\usepackage{graphicx}
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\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amsthm}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.gates.logic.US,trees,positioning,arrows}
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%\input{../style}\def\layersep{1.8cm}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{lastpage}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes}
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%%   \newcommand{\fc}{fault~scenario}
\newcommand{\fc}{failure~cause}
%%   \newcommand{\fcs}{fault~scenarios}
\newcommand{\fcs}{failure~causes}
% Page layout definitions to suit A4 paper
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%
\newcommand{\permil}{\ensuremath{0/{\!}_{00}}}

\newcommand{\emp}{} %% was italics
\newcommand{\sd}{\ensuremath{\Sigma \Delta ADC}} 
%\newcommand{\sd}{\ensuremath{Sigma\;Delta\;ADC}} 
\newcommand{\derivec}{{D}}
%\newcommand{\hh}{\ensuremath{{\stackrel{o}{H}}}}
\newcommand{\hh}{\ensuremath{{\hbar}}}
\newcommand{\abslev}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}
\newcommand{\oc}{\ensuremath{^{o}{C}}}
\newcommand{\adctw}{{${\mathcal{ADC}}_{12}$}}
\newcommand{\adcten}{{${\mathcal{ADC}}_{10}$}}
\newcommand{\ohms}[1]{\ensuremath{#1\Omega}}
\newcommand{\fm}{\emp failure~mode}
\newcommand{\fms}{\emp failure~modes}
\newcommand{\FG}{\ensuremath{{FG}}}
\newcommand{\DC}{\ensuremath{{DC}}}
\newcommand{\fg}{\emp functional~grouping}
\newcommand{\fgs}{\emp functional~groupings}
\newcommand{\dc}{\emp derived~component}
\newcommand{\dcs}{\emp derived~components}
\newcommand{\bc}{\emp base~component}
\newcommand{\bcs}{\emp base~components}
\newcommand{\irl}{in~real~life}
\newcommand{\enc}{\ensuremath{\stackrel{enc}{\longrightarrow}}}
\newcommand{\pin}{\ensuremath{\stackrel{pi}{\longleftrightarrow}}}
\newcommand{\half}{\ensuremath{\frac{1}{2}}}
\newcommand{\cf}[1]{\textbf{#1()}}
\newcommand{\etc}{Energy~Technology~Control~Ltd}
%
% OK after about 3 years its not rigorous FMEA (RFMEA) anymore, oh no, its Exhaustive FMEA
% but since the fuckers might change it yet again, I am making this a macro.
\newcommand{\XFMEA}{XFMEA}
%

%\newcommand{\pic}{\em pure~intersection~chain}
\newcommand{\pic}{\emp pair-wise~intersection~chain}
\newcommand{\wrt}{\emp with~respect~to}
\newcommand{\swf}{software~function}
% DO NOT USE THIS ONE USE \abslev \newcommand{\abslevel}{\ensuremath{\Psi}}


%% GLOSSARY FORMAT
%
% \newcommand{\fmmdname}{\glossary{name={FMMDNAME},description={ }}

%\fmodegloss

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSYS}{\glossary{name={system}, description={
A product designed to work as a coherent entity}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSS}{\glossary{name={sub-system}, description={
A part of a system, sub-systems may contain sub-systems and so-on}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossDC}{\glossary{name={{\dc}}, description={
A theoretical component, derived from a collection of components (which may be derived components themselves)}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossFG}{\glossary{name={{\fg}}, description={
A collection of sub-systems and/or components that interact to perform a specific function}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSYMPTOM}{\glossary{name={symptom}, description={
A failure mode of a {\fg}, caused by a combination of its component failure modes}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossBC}{\glossary{name={{\bc}}, description={
Any bought in component, or lowest level module/or part}}}

%\newcommand{\fmmdglossFIT}{\glossary{name={FIT},description={Failure in Time (FIT). The statistical likelihood of failure mode occurring within a $10^9$ hour period.}}
\newcommand{\fmmdglossFIT}{\glossary{name={FIT}, description={
Failure in Time (FIT). The number of times a particular 
failure is expected to occur within a $10^{9}$ hour time period}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossHFMEA}{\glossary{name={HFMEA},description={
Hardware FMEA. FMEA applied to hardware i.e. mechanical or electrical equipment}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSFMEA}{\glossary{name={SFMEA},description={
Software FMEA (SFMEA). FMEA techniques applied to software}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossXFMEA}{\glossary{name={XFMEA},description={
Exhaustive FMEA (XFMEA). Applying FMEA exhaustively means checking each failure mode 
for effects on all components in a given system}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossDFMEA}{\glossary{name={DFMEA},description={
Design FMEA. FMEA applied in design stages of a product. 
Can be used as a discussion/brain~storming method to 
reveal safety weakness and improve built in safety}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossPFMEA}{\glossary{name={PFMEA},description={
Production FMEA (PFMEA). 
FMEA applied for cost benefit analysis typically used in mass production}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSFTA}{\glossary{name={SFTA},description={
Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA): 
top down failure investigation applied to software}}}


\newcommand{\fmmdglossMUTEX}{\glossary{name={mutually~exclusive},description={
Mutual exclusivity applied to component failure modes
means that for each component it is ensured that
only one of its failure modes may be active at any given time}}}


\newcommand{\fmmdglossFTA}{\glossary{name={FTA},description={
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). 
A top down failure analysis technique which starts with undesirable 
top level events, and using symbols from digital logic builds
a tree, working downwards to putative causes}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossFMEDA}{\glossary{name={FMEDA},description={
Failure Mode Effects and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA).
An extended FMEA technique which provides for diagnostic 
mitigation and has a final statistical safety level as a result}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossFMECA}{\glossary{name={FMECA},description={
Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). 
An extended FMEA technique, based on Bayesian statistics,
which is used to order the severity or criticality of top level events/symptoms}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossFS}{\glossary{name={forward~search},description={
Failure analysis where the start points are base component failure modes and the result is system level failure/symptom.
Sometimes termed `bottom~up'}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossBS}{\glossary{name={backward~search},description={
Failure analysis where the start points are system level failure/symptom and the results are lower level putative causes.
Sometimes termed `top~down'}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossINHIBIT}{\glossary{name={inhibit},description={
A guard on a process such that if a condition is not met, the process may not continue}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSIGPATH}{\glossary{name={signal~path},description={
The components (software or hardware) and connections from which a particular signal or value is derived}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossRD}{\glossary{name={reasoning~distance},description={
A reasoning distance is the number of stages of logic and reasoning, 
counted by the number of components examined, used to map a failure cause to its potential outcomes}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossOBS}{\glossary{name={observability}, description={
If a failure mode cannot be detected it is termed unobservable or undetectable}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossSMARTINSTRUMENT}{\glossary{name={smart~instrument}, description={
A smart instrument is  one that uses software 
in conjunction with its sensing electronics, rather than
analogue electronics only~\cite{smart_instruments_1514209}}}}

\newcommand{\fmmdglossCONTRACTPROG}{\glossary{name={contract~programming}, description={
A software discipline whereby each function is assigned strict pre and post conditions
which define a `contract' formalising the function's behaviour}}}

%
%\newcommand{\fmmdglossRD}{\glossary{name={reasoning~distance}{yahda yahda ya}}}
%
\newcommand{\fmmdgloss}{\glossary{name={FMMD},description={
Failure Mode Modular De-Composition (FMMD). A bottom-up methodology for incrementally building 
failure mode models, using a procedure taking functional groups of components and creating 
derived components representing them, and in turn using the 
derived components to create higher level functional groups, and so on, 
%that are used to build a 
building a hierarchical failure mode model}}} % of a system}}}


\newcommand{\fmodegloss}{\glossary{name={failure mode},description={ % The way in which a failure occurs. 
A component or sub-system may fail in a number of ways, and each of these is a 
failure mode of that particular component type}}}

\newcommand{\fmeagloss}{\glossary{name={FMEA}, description={
Failure Mode and Effects analysis (FMEA) is a process where each 
{\bc} failure mode in a given system
is analysed to determine system level failures/symptoms}}}

\newcommand{\frategloss}{\glossary{name={failure rate}, description={
The number of failures expected over a given time interval}}}


\newcommand{\pecgloss}{\glossary{name={PEC},description={
A Programmable Electronic controller, 
will typically consist of sensors and actuators interfaced electronically, 
with some firmware/software component in overall control}}}

\usepackage{amsthm}

\newtheorem{example}{Example:}
\newtheorem{definition}{Definition:}
\newtheorem*{summary}{Summary:}


%
\newcommand{\Fam}{{\mathbb F}}
\newcommand{\Pow}{{\mathbb P}}
\newcommand{\Dis}{{\vee}}
\newcommand{\Con}{{\wedge}}
\newcommand{\FMEA}{{\bowtie}}
%
\newcommand{\Nat}{{\mathbb N}}
\newcommand{\Real}{{\mathbb R}}
\newcommand{\Complex} {{\mathbb C}}
\newcommand{\Rational} {{\mathbb Q}}
%