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\begin{abstract}
A survey of Static Failure Mode analysis Methodologies applicable to saefty critical systems.
\end{abstract}
}
{
\section{Overvew}
A survey of Static Failure Mode analysis Methodologies applicable to saefty critical systems.
}

\section{FMEA}

Two meanings, a general one Fault Mode Effects Analysis, meaning general statics diagnosis of a design, looking
at faults that can occur and their effect.


\subsection{Manufacturing Cost Reduction FMEA}

Second a methodology for reducing cost in manufacturing by taking fauls, their frequency
and their cost, multiplying these together, and then coming up with a priority list
for fixing knmown faults.
"The basics of FMEA by Robin E. McDermott et all"
ISBN 0-527-76320-9.


\subsection{Deterministic FMEA}

EN298 no two individual component failures may give rise to a dangerous condition.

\section{FMEDA Failure effect Mode Diagnositic Analysis}

This is a probablistic based methodology.

\subsection{Safe Failure Fraction}

Introduce the idea of coverage.
A good example is RAM in a microprocessor/microcontroller, we cann ot give 100i\% coverage to it.
We can perform some tests that give us 60\% coverage etc

\subsection{Diagnostic interval}

Reducing FIT with detecting a fraction of the faults within an interval. Give formulas etc


\subsection{Redundancy - Models}

1oo1 2oo3 etc

\subsection{Field Data}

OK for EN61508, not OK for nuclear industry find refs.


\section {FTA}

Fault tree Analysis
Show how it works, top down,

FROM INTERBET HISTORY OF FTA 
%%- RE_PHRASE %%
%%- RE_PHRASE %% Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a tool originally developed in 
%% RE_PHRASE %% 1962 by Bell Labs for use in studying failure modes in the 
%% RE_PHRASE %% launch control system of the Minuteman missile project. The tool now 
%% RE_PHRASE %% finds wide use in numerous applications, from accident investigation to design 
%% RE_PHRASE %% prototyping, and is also finding use for protection and control related 
%% RE_PHRASE %% applications. This paper provides an elementary background to the application of 
%% RE_PHRASE %% FTA for use in protection applications. The construction of the fault 
%% RE_PHRASE %% tree as well as the use of reliability data is considered. 
%% RE_PHRASE %% A simple example is presented. The intention is to provide a 
%% RE_PHRASE %% brief introduction to the concept, to allow users to at least 
%% RE_PHRASE %% understand how a fault tree is constructed and what can be done 
%% RE_PHRASE %% with it. 
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