Andrew comments included into CH4
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@ -598,11 +598,11 @@ This is represented in the DAG in figure \ref{fig:fg1adag}.
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\end{figure}
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We can now formulate a `derived component' to represent this potential divider.
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This can be named \textbf{PD}.
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We can now formulate a `derived component' to represent this potential divider:
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we name this \textbf{PD}.
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This {\dc} will have two failure modes.
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We can use the symbol $\derivec$ to represent the process of taking the analysed
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{\fg} and creating from it, a {\dc}. The creation of the {\dc} \textbf{PD} is
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We use the symbol $\derivec$ to represent the process of taking the analysed
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{\fg} and creating from it a {\dc}. The creation of the {\dc} \textbf{PD} is
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represented in figure~\ref{fig:dc1}.
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We then represent the {\dc} as a DAG in figure \ref{fig:dc1dag}.
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@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ We can represent these failure modes on a DAG (see figure~\ref{fig:op1dag}).
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%}
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%\clearpage
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%\paragraph{Modelling the OP amp with the potential divider.}
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We now merge the OP amp and the {\dc} {\em PD}, to
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We now collect the OP amp and the {\dc} {\em PD}, to
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form a {\fg} to represent the non-inverting amplifier.
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%
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%We have the failure modes of the {\dc} for the potential divider,
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@ -703,6 +703,7 @@ form a {\fg} to represent the non-inverting amplifier.
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%We can now create a {\fg} for the non-inverting amplifier
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%by bringing together the failure modes from \textbf{opamp} and \textbf{PD}.
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%
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The two components in this new {\fg} have failure modes.
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Each of these failure modes will be given a {\fc} for analysis,
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and this is represented in table \ref{tbl:ampfmea1}.
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@ -884,11 +885,15 @@ represents the failure mode behaviour of the non-inverting amplifier.
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\label{fig:dc2}
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\end{figure}
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We can now examine the {\dc} {\em INVAMP} by drawing it as a DAG.
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We can now examine the failure mode relationships in the {\dc} {\em INVAMP} by drawing it as a DAG.
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%expand the {\em PD} {\dc} and have a full FMMD failure %mode
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%model
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We can traverse this DAG, and thus determine all possible causes for
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We can traverse this DAG, tracing the top level symptoms down to the leaves of the tree (the leaves being {\bc} failure modes),
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and thus determine all possible causes for
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the three high level symptoms, i.e. the failure~modes of the non-inverting amplifier {\em INVAMP}.
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Knowing all possible causes for a top level event/failure~mode
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is extremely useful. Were the top level event to be classified as catastrophic for instance, we could use this information
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to strengthen components that could cause the top level event/failure.
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%
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Figure \ref{fig:noninvdag1} shows a fully expanded DAG, from which we can derive information
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to assist in building models for FTA, FMEA, FMECA and FMEDA failure mode analysis methodologies.
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@ -999,7 +1004,7 @@ It could be something %quite complicated
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like an %integrated
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micro-controller, or quite simple like the resistor.
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%
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We can define a
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We can identify a
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component by its name, a manufacturer's part number and perhaps
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a vendor's reference number.
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@ -1017,8 +1022,8 @@ We, in fact, need to go a little further than the above definition of a part,
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and say that we want to define an atomic entity. % used as a building block.
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%The term component, in American English, can mean a building block or a part.
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%In British-English a component generally is given to mean the definition for part above.
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We define {\bc} to be the lowest level of component that we use as a building block.
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This is a choice made by the analyst.
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We define {\bc} to be the lowest level---or entities we begin with in our analysis---of component that we use as a building block.
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This is a choice made by the analyst, often guided by the standards to which the analysis is being performed to.
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%
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Both op-amps and transistors have published statistical failure rates and yet an op-amp is constructed from transistors.
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%
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@ -1036,7 +1041,7 @@ to which we are approving/analysing a system.
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%% FUCKING STEREO SUB_SYSTEM EXAMPLE, THE FUCKING CHILDRENS SECTION
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\subsection{Systems, functional groupings, components and failure modes: sound system example}
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\subsection{definition of terms: sound system example.}
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%000000elpful here to define the terms, `system', `functional~group', `component', `base~component', `symptom' and `derived~component/sub-system'.
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%These are listed in table~\ref{tab:symexdef}.
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@ -1051,7 +1056,7 @@ This is now used as an example to describe terms used in FMMD.
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%
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For instance a stereo amplifier separate/slave is a component.
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%The
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whole sound system consists perhaps of the following `components':
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A whole sound system consists perhaps of the following components:
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CD-player, tuner, amplifier~separate, loudspeakers and ipod~interface.
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%Thinking like this is a top~down analysis approach
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@ -1084,9 +1089,10 @@ These collections are termed `{\fgs}'.
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%
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For instance, the circuitry that powers the laser diode
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to illuminate the CD might contain a handful of components, and as such would make a good candidate
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as one of the base level {\fgs}.
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as one of the base level {\fgs}. It is a good candidate because
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it performs a well defined function and it could be considered a design module.
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\paragraph{Functional group to {\dc} process outline.}
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\paragraph{Functional grouping to {\dc} process outline.}
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%In choosing the lowest level (base component) sub-systems we would look
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%for the smallest `functional~groups' of components within a system.
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We can define a {\fg} as a set of components that interact
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@ -1151,7 +1157,7 @@ Currently, failure mode information is generally only available for generic com
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% number of well defined ways.
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For common {\bcs}
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there is established literature for the failure modes for the system designer to consider (often with accompanying statistical
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failure rates)~\cite{mil1991}~\cite{en298}~\cite{fmd91}.
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failure rates)~\cite{mil1991,en298,fmd91}.
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%
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For instance, a simple resistor is generally considered
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to fail in two ways, it can go open circuit or it can short.
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@ -1318,13 +1324,13 @@ A flat set is a set containing just failure modes and not sets of failure modes~
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%for the {\fg}.
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%
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Each of these failure modes, and optionally combinations of them, are
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formed into `test~cases' which are
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formed into failure~scenarios which are
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analysed for their effect on the failure mode behaviour of the `{\fg}'.
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%
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Once we have the failure mode behaviour of the {\fg}, we can determine its symptoms of failure.
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%for the {\fg}.
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%
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We could term these symptoms the derived failure modes of the `{\fg}'.
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We view these symptoms as derived failure modes of the {\fg}.
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%
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Or in other words we can determine how the `{\fg}' can fail.
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We can now consider the {\fg} as a {\dc} % sort of super component
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@ -1337,8 +1343,7 @@ The process for taking a {\fg}, analysing its failure mode behaviour, considerin
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all the failure modes of all the components in the group
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and collecting symptoms of failure, is termed `symptom abstraction'.
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%
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This
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is dealt with in detail using an algorithmic description, in appendix \ref{sec:algorithmfmmd}.
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This is dealt with in detail using an algorithmic description, in appendix \ref{sec:algorithmfmmd}.
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% % define difference between a \fg and a \dc
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