OK Appendix B AF notes, then........ well its cosmetic time I hope
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@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ deduced).
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\paragraph{Reasoning distance.}
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\subsection{Reasoning distance.}
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\label{reasoningdistance}
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\fmmdglossRD
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Reasoning distance, is the number of stages of logic and reasoning used
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@ -2192,46 +2192,46 @@ This cuts the supply from Vcc. Both sense lines will be at zero.
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Thus both values will be out of range.
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%
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 9 : Voltages $R_1$ OPEN $R_3$ OPEN }
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\paragraph{ TC 9 : Voltages $R_1$ OPEN $R_3$ OPEN.}
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%
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Sense- will be floating.
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Sense+ will be tied to Vcc and will thus be out of range.
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 10 : Voltages $R_1$ OPEN $R_3$ SHORT }
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\paragraph{ TC 10 : Voltages $R_1$ OPEN $R_3$ SHORT.}
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%
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This shorts ground to
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both of the sense lines.
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Both values will be out of range.
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 11 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_2$ OPEN }
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\paragraph{ TC 11 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_2$ OPEN.}
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%
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This shorts both sense lines to Vcc.
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Both values will be out of range.
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%
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 12 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_2$ SHORT }
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\paragraph{ TC 12 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_2$ SHORT.}
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%
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This shorts the sense+ to Vcc and the sense- to ground.
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Both values will be out of range.
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%
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 13 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_3$ OPEN }
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\paragraph{ TC 13 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_3$ OPEN.}
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%
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This shorts the sense+ to Vcc and the sense- to ground.
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Both values will be out of range.
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 14 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_3$ SHORT }
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\paragraph{ TC 14 : Voltages $R_1$ SHORT $R_3$ SHORT.}
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%
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This shorts the sense+ and sense- to Vcc.
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Both values will be out of range.
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 15 : Voltages $R_2$ OPEN $R_3$ OPEN }
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\paragraph{ TC 15 : Voltages $R_2$ OPEN $R_3$ OPEN.}
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%
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This shorts the sense+ to Vcc and causes sense- to float.
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The sense+ value will be out of range.
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%
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 16 : Voltages $R_2$ OPEN $R_3$ SHORT }
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\paragraph{ TC 16 : Voltages $R_2$ OPEN $R_3$ SHORT.}
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%
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This shorts the sense+ and sense- to Vcc.
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Both values will be out of range.
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@ -2240,13 +2240,13 @@ Both values will be out of range.
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%
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%
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 17 : Voltages $R_2$ SHORT $R_3$ OPEN }
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\paragraph{ TC 17 : Voltages $R_2$ SHORT $R_3$ OPEN.}
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%
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This shorts the sense- to ground.
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The sense- value will be out of range.
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%
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%
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\paragraph{ TC 18 : Voltages $R_2$ SHORT $R_3$ SHORT }
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\paragraph{ TC 18 : Voltages $R_2$ SHORT $R_3$ SHORT.}
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%
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This shorts the sense+ and sense- to Vcc.
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Both values will be out of range.
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@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ This chapter defines %begins by defining
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a metric for the complexity of an FMEA analysis task.
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%
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This concept is called `comparison~complexity' and is a means to assess
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the performance of FMMD against current FMEA methodologies.
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the performance of FMMD against current FMEA methodologies. This
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concept was introduced as reasoning distance in section~\ref{reasoningdistance}.
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\fmmdglossRD
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%
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This metric is developed using set theory % formally
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@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ the cardinality constrained power-set.
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%
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Using this in combination with unitary state failure modes
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an expression for calculating the number of failure scenarios to
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check for in double failure analysis is expressed.
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check for in double failure analysis is presented.
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%
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% MOVE TO CH5 FMMD makes the claim that it can perform double simultaneous failure mode analysis without an undue
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% MOVE TO CH5 state explosion drawback.
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@ -126,7 +127,8 @@ The number of checks to make to achieve this, gives an indication of the comple
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%It is desirable to be able to measure the complexity of an analysis task.
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%
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Comparison~complexity (or reasoning~distance) is defined as the count of
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paths between failure modes and components necessary to achieve {\XFMEA} for a given group
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paths (and thus reasoning checks applied) between failure modes and components
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necessary to achieve {\XFMEA} for a given group
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of components $G$. %system or {\fg}.
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% (except its self of course, that component is already considered to be in a failed state!).
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@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ i.e. at the zeroth level of an FMMD hierarchy where $\alpha=0$,
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would have the superscript 0 and a subscript of 1: $FG^{0}_{1}$.
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%
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The {\fg} representing the potential divider in section~\ref{subsec:potdiv}
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has an $\alpha$ level of 0 (as it contains base components).
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has an $\alpha$ level of 0 (as it contains only {\bcs}).
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%
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The {\fg} with the potential divider and the operational amplifier has an $\alpha$ level of 1.
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%$$
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@ -968,7 +970,7 @@ are not included.
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%
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This threshold is called the cardinality constraint.
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%
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To indicate this, the cardinality constraint $\le cc$ is subscripted to the powerset symbol thus $\mathcal{P}_{\le cc}$.
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To indicate this, the cardinality constraint $\le cc$ is subscripted to the power-set symbol thus $\mathcal{P}_{\le cc}$.
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Consider the set $S = \{a,b,c\}$.
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The power-set of S:
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@ -1009,7 +1011,7 @@ from $1$ to $cc$ thus
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%
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%
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\begin{equation}
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|{\mathcal{P}_{cc}S}| = \sum^{cc}_{k=1} \frac{|{S}|!}{ cc! ( |{S}| - cc)!} . % was k in the frac part now cc
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|{\mathcal{P}_{\le cc}S}| = \sum^{cc}_{k=1} \frac{|{S}|!}{ cc! ( |{S}| - cc)!} . % was k in the frac part now cc
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\label{eqn:ccps}
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\end{equation}
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%
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@ -1059,8 +1061,8 @@ applying equation \ref{eqn:ccps} gives:
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%
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$$ | P_{\le 2} (fm(FG)) | = \frac{5!}{1!(5-1)!} + \frac{5!}{2!(5-2)!} = 15.$$
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%
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This is composed of ${5 \choose 1}$
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five single fault modes, and ${5 \choose 2}$ ten double fault modes.
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This is composed of ${5 \choose 1}$,
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five single fault modes, and ${5 \choose 2}$, ten double fault modes.
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%
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However the {\fms} are mutually exclusive within a component.
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%
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@ -1183,7 +1185,7 @@ reproduced below to verify this.
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{
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\begin{equation}
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|{\mathcal{P}_{\le cc}SU}| = {\sum^{cc}_{k=1} \frac{|{SU}|!}{k!(|{SU}| - k)!}}
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- {{\sum^{j}_{j \in J} \frac{|FM({C_j})|!}{2!(|FM({C_j})| - 2)!}} } .
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- {{\sum_{j \in J} \frac{|FM({C_j})|!}{2!(|FM({C_j})| - 2)!}} } .
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%\label{eqn:correctedccps2}
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\end{equation}
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}
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@ -1452,14 +1454,16 @@ of functional groups. These are:
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\end{itemize}
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%
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If a deliberately `bad' {\fg} were chosen it would be found that,
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on analysis, the component failure modes would not converge to common
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on analysis, the component failure modes would not aggregate--i.e. be collectable as---common
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symptoms.
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%
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This would be because, with functionally adjacent
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components, their failures often cause non-common failure symptoms for the {\fg}.
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This would be because, with non-functionally adjacent
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components, their failures often cause non-common failure symptoms. % for the {\fg}.
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%
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With components that are not interacting, it is unlikely to see
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convergence of symptoms.
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That is a well defined module will typically have a larger number of component failures than failure symptoms.
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%
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With components that are not interacting, it is unlikely to see good
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aggregation of symptoms.
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%
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%
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This property could be of use in future automated FMMD tools
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