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@ -1932,6 +1932,8 @@ take the mean square error of these accuracy figures.
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\paragraph{Single Fault FMEA Analysis \\ of PT100 Four wire circuit}
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\paragraph{Single Fault FMEA Analysis \\ of PT100 Four wire circuit}
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\ifthenelse {\boolean{pld}}
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\paragraph{Single Fault Modes as PLD}
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\paragraph{Single Fault Modes as PLD}
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The component~failure~modes in table \ref{ptfmea} can be represented as contours
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The component~failure~modes in table \ref{ptfmea} can be represented as contours
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@ -1939,11 +1941,7 @@ on a PLD diagram.
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Each test case, is defined by the contours that enclose
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Each test case, is defined by the contours that enclose
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it. The test cases here deal with single faults only
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it. The test cases here deal with single faults only
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and are thus enclosed by one contour each.
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and are thus enclosed by one contour each.
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\fmodegloss
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\fmodegloss
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 518 365,keepaspectratio=true]{./CH5_Examples/pt100_tc.png}
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\includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 518 365,keepaspectratio=true]{./CH5_Examples/pt100_tc.png}
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@ -1951,6 +1949,7 @@ and are thus enclosed by one contour each.
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\caption{PT100 Component Failure Modes}
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\caption{PT100 Component Failure Modes}
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\label{fig:pt100_tc}
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\label{fig:pt100_tc}
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\end{figure}
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\end{figure}
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} % \ifthenelse {\boolean{pld}}
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%ating input Fault
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%ating input Fault
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This circuit supplies two results, the {\em sense+} and {\em sense-} voltage readings.
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This circuit supplies two results, the {\em sense+} and {\em sense-} voltage readings.
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@ -1959,21 +1958,7 @@ valid temperature range for this example ({0\oc} .. {300\oc}) we can calculate
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valid voltage reading ranges by using the standard voltage divider equation \ref{eqn:vd}
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valid voltage reading ranges by using the standard voltage divider equation \ref{eqn:vd}
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for the circuit shown in figure \ref{fig:vd}.
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for the circuit shown in figure \ref{fig:vd}.
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%
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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% \centering
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% \includegraphics[width=100pt,bb=0 0 183 170,keepaspectratio=true]{./pt100/voltage_divider.png}
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% % voltage_divider.png: 183x170 pixel, 72dpi, 6.46x6.00 cm, bb=0 0 183 170
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% \caption{Voltage Divider}
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% \label{fig:vd}
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%\end{figure}
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%%The looking at figure \ref{fig:vd} the standard voltage divider formula (equation \ref{eqn:vd}) is used.
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%
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%\begin{equation}
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%\label{eqn:vd}
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% V_{out} = V_{in}.\frac{Z2}{Z2+Z1}
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%\end{equation}
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%
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\paragraph{Proof of Out of Range \\ Values for Failures}
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\paragraph{Proof of Out of Range \\ Values for Failures}
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@ -2232,7 +2217,7 @@ The FIT for the circuit as a whole is the sum of MTTF values for all the
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test cases. The PT100 circuit here has a FIT of 342.6. This is a MTTF of
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test cases. The PT100 circuit here has a FIT of 342.6. This is a MTTF of
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about 360 years per circuit.
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about 360 years per circuit.
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A Probablistic tree can now be drawn, with a FIT value for the PT100
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A probabilistic tree can now be drawn, with a FIT value for the PT100
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circuit and FIT values for all the component fault modes that it was calculated from.
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circuit and FIT values for all the component fault modes that it was calculated from.
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We can see from this that that the most likely fault is the thermistor going OPEN.
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We can see from this that that the most likely fault is the thermistor going OPEN.
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This circuit is around 10 times more likely to fail in this way than in any other.
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This circuit is around 10 times more likely to fail in this way than in any other.
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@ -2458,6 +2443,8 @@ This shorts the sense+ and sense- to Vcc.
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Both values will be out of range.
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Both values will be out of range.
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\clearpage
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\clearpage
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\subsection{Double Faults Represented on a PLD Diagram}
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\subsection{Double Faults Represented on a PLD Diagram}
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We can show the test cases on a diagram with the double faults residing on regions
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We can show the test cases on a diagram with the double faults residing on regions
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@ -2487,11 +2474,13 @@ In all the test case results we have at least one out of range value, except for
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$TC\_7$
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$TC\_7$
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which has two unknown values/floating readings. We can collect all the faults, except $TC\_7$,
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which has two unknown values/floating readings. We can collect all the faults, except $TC\_7$,
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into the symptom $OUT\_OF\_RANGE$.
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into the symptom $OUT\_OF\_RANGE$.
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As a symptom $TC\_7$ could be described as $FLOATING$. We can thus draw a PLD diagram representing the
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As a symptom $TC\_7$ could be described as $FLOATING$.
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\ifthenelse {\boolean{pld}}
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We can thus draw a PLD diagram representing the
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failure modes of this functional~group, the pt100 circuit from the perspective of double simultaneous failures,
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failure modes of this functional~group, the pt100 circuit from the perspective of double simultaneous failures,
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in figure \ref{fig:pt100_doublef}.
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in figure \ref{fig:pt100_doublef}.
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=450pt,bb=0 0 730 641,keepaspectratio=true]{./CH5_Examples/plddoublesymptom.png}
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\includegraphics[width=450pt,bb=0 0 730 641,keepaspectratio=true]{./CH5_Examples/plddoublesymptom.png}
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@ -2499,14 +2488,15 @@ in figure \ref{fig:pt100_doublef}.
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\caption{PT100 Double Simultaneous Faults}
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\caption{PT100 Double Simultaneous Faults}
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\label{fig:plddoublesymptom}
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\label{fig:plddoublesymptom}
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\end{figure}
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\end{figure}
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} %% \ifthenelse {\boolean{pld}}
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\clearpage
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\clearpage
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\subsection{Derived Component : The PT100 Circuit}
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\subsection{Derived Component : The PT100 Circuit}
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The PT100 circuit again, can now be treated as a component in its own right, and has two failure modes,
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The PT100 circuit again, can now be treated as a component in its own right, and has two failure modes,
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{\textbf{OUT\_OF\_RANGE}} and {\textbf{FLOATING}}.
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{\textbf{OUT\_OF\_RANGE}} and {\textbf{FLOATING}}.
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It can now be represented as a PLD see figure \ref{fig:pt100_doublef}.
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\ifthenelse {\boolean{pld}}
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It can now be represented as a PLD see figure \ref{fig:pt100_doublef}.
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=100pt,bb=0 0 167 194,keepaspectratio=true]{./CH5_Examples/pt100_doublef.png}
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\includegraphics[width=100pt,bb=0 0 167 194,keepaspectratio=true]{./CH5_Examples/pt100_doublef.png}
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@ -2514,6 +2504,8 @@ It can now be represented as a PLD see figure \ref{fig:pt100_doublef}.
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\caption{PT100 Circuit Failure Modes : From Double Faults Analysis}
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\caption{PT100 Circuit Failure Modes : From Double Faults Analysis}
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\label{fig:pt100_doublef}
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\label{fig:pt100_doublef}
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\end{figure}
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\end{figure}
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} % \ifthenelse {\boolean{pld}}
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\subsection{Statistics}
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\subsection{Statistics}
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