diff --git a/presentations/fmea/fmea_pres.tex b/presentations/fmea/fmea_pres.tex index 767447d..de28066 100644 --- a/presentations/fmea/fmea_pres.tex +++ b/presentations/fmea/fmea_pres.tex @@ -333,8 +333,63 @@ FMEDA is the methodology behind statistical (safety integrity level) type standards (EN61508/IOC5108). It provides a statistical overall level of safety and allows diagnostic mitigation for self checking etc. +It provides guidelines for the design and architecture +of computer/software systems for the four levels of +safety Integrity. +For Hardware + +FMEDA does force the user to consider all components in a system +by requiring that a MTTF value is assigned. +This MTTF may be statistically mitigated (improved) +if it can be shown that selfchecking will detect failure modes. \end{frame} +\begin{frame} +Failure modes are classified as Safe or Dangerous according +to the putative system level failure they will cause. +The Failure modes are also classified as Detected or +Undetected. +This gives us four level failure mode classifications: +Safe-Detected (SD), Safe-Undetected (SU), Dangerous-Detected (DD) or Dangerous-Undetected (DU), +and the probablistic failure rate of each classification +is represented by lambda variables +(i.e. $\lambda_{SD}$, $\lambda_{SU}$, $\lambda_{DD}$, $\lambda_{DU}$). +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} +\textbf{Diagnostic Coverage.} +The diagnostic coverage is simply the ratio +of the dangerous detected probabilities +against the probability of all dangerous failures, +and is normally expressed as a percentage. $\Sigma\lambda_{DD}$ represents +the percentage of dangerous detected base component failure modes, and +$\Sigma\lambda_D$ the total number of dangerous base component failure modes. + +$$ DiagnosticCoverage = \Sigma\lambda_{DD} / \Sigma\lambda_D $$ +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame} +The diagnostic coverage for safe failures, where $\Sigma\lambda_{SD}$ represents the percentage of +safe detected base component failure modes, +and $\Sigma\lambda_S$ the total number of safe base component failure modes, +is given as + +$$ SF = \frac{\Sigma\lambda_{SD}}{\Sigma\lambda_S} $$ + + +\textbf{Safe Failure Fraction.} +A key concept in FMEDA is Safe Failure Fraction (SFF). +This is the ratio of safe and dangerous detected failures +against all safe and dangerous failure probabilities. +Again this is usually expressed as a percentage. + +$$ SFF = \big( \Sigma\lambda_S + \Sigma\lambda_{DD} \big) / \big( \Sigma\lambda_S + \Sigma\lambda_D \big) $$ + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + SIL Levels are how they are calculated +\end{frame} \section{FMEA - General Criticism} \begin{frame} @@ -347,8 +402,9 @@ and allows diagnostic mitigation for self checking etc. \pause \item FMEA type methodologies were designed for simple electro-mechanical systems of the 1940's to 1960's. \end{itemize} -FMEDA is an extension of FMEA, in that it will give higher ratings -for self checking. It +FMEDA is a modern extension of FMEA, in that it will allow for +self checking features, and provides detailed recommendations for computer/software architecture, +but \end{frame}