arrg git and its helpful error messages
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\abstract{ This chapter defines what is meant by the terms
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components, component fault modes and `unitary~state' component fault modes.
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components, derived~components, functional~groups, component fault modes and `unitary~state' component fault modes.
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%The application of Bayes theorem in current methodologies, and
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%the suitability of the `null hypothesis' or `P' value statistical approach
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%are discussed.
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@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ From this diagram we see that each component must have at least one failure mode
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Also to clearly show that the failure modes are unique events associated with one component,
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each failure mode is referenced back to only one component.
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This modelling constraint is due to the fact that even generic components with the same
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failure mode types, will have different statistical MTTF properties within the same circuitry.
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failure mode types, may have different statistical MTTF properties within the same
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circuitry\footnote{For example, consider resistors one of high resistance and one low.
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The generic failure modes for a resistor will be the same for both.
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The lower resistance part will draw more current and therefore have a statistically higher chance of failure.}.
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%% sharing failure modes arrrgghh so irrelevant
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%% wrong as well perhaps, as each component will have environmental constraints
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%% that determine its statistical behaviour. A 1 Meg ohm resistor
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@ -85,11 +88,12 @@ as shown in figure \ref{fig:componentpl}.
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\label{fig:componentpl}
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\end{figure}
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Parts in the parts list (bought in parts) will be termed `base~comonents'.
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Parts derived from base~components may not require parts numbers, and will
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Components in the parts list (bought in parts) will be termed `base~comonents'.
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Components derived from base~components may not require
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parts~numbers\footnote{It is common practise for sub assemblies, PCB's, mechanical parts,
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software modules and some collections of components to have part numbers}, and will
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not require a vendor reference, but must be named.
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%%
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@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ Another top down technique is to apply cost benifit analysis
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to determine which faults are the highest priority to fix\cite{FMEA}.
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The aim of FMMD analysis is to produce complete failure
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models of safety critical systems from the bottom-up,
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starting, where possible with known component failure modes.
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starting, where possible with known base~component failure~modes.
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An advantage of working from the bottom up is that we can ensure that
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all component failure modes must be considered. A top down approach
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@ -120,15 +124,19 @@ work together to perform a simple function.
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The components to include in a functional group are chosen by a human, the analyst.
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%We can represent the `Functional~Group' as a class.
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When we have a
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`Functional~Group' we can look at the failure modes of all the components
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in it.
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`Functional~Group' we can look at the components it contains,
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and from this determine the failure modes of all the components that belong to it.
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%
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% and determine a failure mode model for that group.
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The `Functional~Group' is seen by the analyst as a collection of component failures modes.
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The `Functional~Group' as used by the analyst is a collection of component failures modes.
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Each of these failure modes, and optionally combinations of them, are
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analsyed for their effect on the failure mode behaviour of the `Functional~Group'.
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From this we can determine a new set of failure modes, the failure modes of the
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Or in other words we can determine the failure modes of the `Functional~Group'.
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group. We can now consider the functional group as a sort of super component
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%
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From this we can determine a new set of failure modes, the failure modes of the
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`Functional~Group'.
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%
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Or in other words we can determine how the `Functional~Group' can fail.
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We can now consider the functional group as a sort of super component
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with a known set of failure modes.
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@ -157,6 +165,12 @@ fault behaviour.
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The UML representation shows a `functional group' having a one to one relationship with a derived~component.
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We can represent this using an UML diagram in figure \ref{fig:cfg}.
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Using the symbol $\bowtie$ to indicate the analysis process that takes a
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functional group and converts it into a new component.
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$$ \bowtie ( FG ) \mapsto DerivedComponent $$
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 712 286,keepaspectratio=true]{component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.jpg}
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@ -165,12 +179,6 @@ We can represent this using an UML diagram in figure \ref{fig:cfg}.
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\label{fig:cfg}
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\end{figure}
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Using the symbol $\bowtie$ to indicate an analysis process that takes a
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functional group and converts it into a new component.
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$$ \bowtie ( FG ) \mapsto DerivedComponent $$
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\subsection{Keeping track of the derived \\ components position in the hierarchy}
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@ -235,15 +243,16 @@ This corresponds to the `mutually exclusive' definition in
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probability theory\cite{probandstat}.
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\end{definition}
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We can define a function $FM()$ to
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take a given component $K$ and return its set of failure modes $F$.
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We can define a function $FM$ to
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take a given component $C$ and return its set of failure modes $F$.
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$$ FM : K \mapsto F $$
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$$ FM : C \mapsto F $$
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We can further define a set $U$ which is a set of sets of failure modes, where
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\begin{definition}
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We can define a set $U$ which is a set of sets of failure modes, where
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the component failure modes in each of its members are unitary~state.
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Thus if the failure modes of $F$ are unitary~state, we can say $F \in U$.
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\end{definition}
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\section{Component failure modes:\\ Unitary State example}
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\input{standards/standards}
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\chapter{Statistical Methods and Models}
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%\input{statistics/statistics}
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\input{statistics/statistics}
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\chapter{Survey of Safety Critical Analysis Methodologies and Tools Available}
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\input{survey/survey}
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