Chapter 5 now has an introduction describing
the reason for each of the examples.
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This chapter demonstrates FMMD applied to
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This chapter demonstrates FMMD applied to
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a variety of common electronic circuits including analogue/digital and electronics/software hybrids.
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a variety of common electronic circuits including analogue/digital and electronics/software hybrids.
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In order to implement FMMD in practise, we review the basic concepts and processes of the methodology.
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%In order to implement FMMD in practise, we review the basic concepts and processes of the methodology.%
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%Each example has been chosen to demonstrate
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%FMMD applied to
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The first section~\ref{sec:determine_fms} looks at how we determine failure mode sets for {\bcs} in the context of the standards
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%
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The first section~\ref{sec:determine_fms} looks at how we determine failure mode sets for {\bcs} in the context of the safety standards
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we are conforming to for our particular project.
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we are conforming to for our particular project.
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%
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We then have example FMMD analyses, the first looks at the inverting amplifier (see section~\ref{sec:invamp} using
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This is followed by several example FMMD analyses, the first analysing a common configuration of
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an op-amp and two resistors, which demonstrates how the potential divider from
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the inverting amplifier (see section~\ref{sec:invamp}) using
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~\ref{sec:chap4} can be re-used, but with provisos.
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an op-amp and two resistors, which demonstrates how the potential divider from section~\ref{subsec:potdiv}
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%~\ref{sec:chap4}
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Section~\ref{sec:twoopdiff} shows FMMD tackling a circuit where two op-amps are used
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can be re-used, but with provisos.
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to create a differencing amplifier. Re-use of the potential divider model is discussed in the context of this circuit.
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%
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Section~\ref{sec:diffamp} analyses a circuit where two op-amps are used
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Section~\ref{sec:sallenkey} analyese a sallen-key low pass filter.
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to create a differencing amplifier.
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This demonstrates FMMD being able to re-use the second order low pass structures
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Re-use of the potential divider model is discussed in the context of this circuit, where its re-use is appropriate in the first stage and
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saving time for the analyst.
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not in the second.
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%
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Section~\ref{sec:bubba} shows FMMD tackling a circuit with a circular signal path.
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Section~\ref{sec:fivepolelp} analyes a sallen-key based five pole low pass filter.
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This demonstrates FMMD being able to re-use the first Salen-Key {\dc}, thus
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Section~\ref{sec:sigmadelta} shows FMMD tackling a circuit with mixed analogue and digital electronics.
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saving time and effort for the analyst.
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%
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Finally section~\ref{sec:pt100} demonstrates both statistical analysis for top level events
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Section~\ref{sec:bubba} shows FMMD tackling a circuit with a circular signal path---the `Bubba' oscillator---which uses
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four op-amp stages with supporting components.
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%
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Section~\ref{sec:sigmadelta} shows FMMD analysing the sigma delta analogue to digital converter---which operates on mixed
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analogue and digital signals.
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%
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Finally section~\ref{sec:Pt100} demonstrates both statistical analysis for top level events traced back to {\bc} failure modes
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and the analysis of double simultaneous failure modes.
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and the analysis of double simultaneous failure modes.
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% \section{Basic Concepts Of FMMD}
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% \section{Basic Concepts Of FMMD}
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@ -800,7 +807,7 @@ and for the second analysis a CC of $8.(3-2)=16$.
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\clearpage
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\clearpage
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\section{Differencing Amplifier using two op-amps}
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\section{Differencing Amplifier using two op-amps}
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\label{sec:diffamp}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=200pt]{CH5_Examples/circuit1001.png}
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\includegraphics[width=200pt]{CH5_Examples/circuit1001.png}
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@ -1036,7 +1043,7 @@ to periodically switch in test signals in place of the input signal.}
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\clearpage
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\clearpage
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\section{Five Pole Low Pass Filer, using two Sallen~Key stages.}
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\section{Five Pole Low Pass Filer, using two Sallen~Key stages.}
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\label{sec:fivepolelp}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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@ -1303,7 +1310,8 @@ could be easily detected; the failure symptom $FilterIncorrect$ may be less obs
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\clearpage
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\clearpage
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\section{Op-Amp circuit 3}
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\section{Quad Op-Amp Oscillator}
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\label{sec:bubba}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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@ -1716,7 +1724,7 @@ of complexity comparison.
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\section{Sigma Delta Analogue to Digital Converter.} %($\Sigma \Delta ADC$)}
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\section{Sigma Delta Analogue to Digital Converter.} %($\Sigma \Delta ADC$)}
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\label{sec:sigmadelta}
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The following example is used to demonstrate FMMD analysis of a mixed analogue and digital circuit (see figure~\ref{fig:sigmadelta}).
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The following example is used to demonstrate FMMD analysis of a mixed analogue and digital circuit (see figure~\ref{fig:sigmadelta}).
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\centering
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