Mum proof read of English
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
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% numbers at outer edges
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% numbers at outer edges
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\pagenumbering{arabic} % Arabic page numbers hereafter
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\pagenumbering{arabic} % Arabic page numbers hereafter
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\author{R.P.Clark}
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\author{R.P.Clark}
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\title{Definitions, Components, Functional Groups and Unitary State Failure Mode Sets}
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\title{Definitions, Components, Functional Groups \\ and Unitary State Failure Mode Sets}
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\maketitle
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\maketitle
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\input{component_failure_modes_definition_paper}
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\input{component_failure_modes_definition_paper}
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ will have an $\alpha$ value of 1.
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%of the highest assigned to any of its components.
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%of the highest assigned to any of its components.
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%
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%
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%With a derived component $DC$ having an abstraction level
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%With a derived component $DC$ having an abstraction level
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The attribute $\alpha$ we can be used to track the
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The attribute $\alpha$ can be used to track the
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level of fault abstraction of components in an FMMD hierarchy. Because base and derived components
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level of fault abstraction of components in an FMMD hierarchy. Because base and derived components
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are collected to form functional groups, a hierarchy is
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are collected to form functional groups, a hierarchy is
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naturally formed with the abstraction levels increasing with each tier.
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naturally formed with the abstraction levels increasing with each tier.
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ $$FM(FG) = F$$
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\begin{algorithmic}[1]
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\begin{algorithmic}[1]
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\REQUIRE {FG is a set of components (a functional~group)}
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\REQUIRE {FG is a set of components (a functional~group)}
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\STATE { Let $FG$ be a set of components } \COMMENT{ The functional group should be chosen to be minimally sized collections of components that perform a specific function}
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\STATE { Let $FG$ be a set of components } \COMMENT{The functional group should be chosen to be minimally sized collections of components that perform a specific function}
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\FORALL { $c \in FG $ }
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\FORALL { $c \in FG $ }
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\REQUIRE{ Each component $c \in FG $ has a known set of failure modes i.e. $ \forall c \in FG \; such \; that\; FM(c) \neq \emptyset$ }
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\REQUIRE{ Each component $c \in FG $ has a known set of failure modes i.e. $ \forall c \in FG \; such \; that\; FM(c) \neq \emptyset$ }
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@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ $$ DTC(F) = TC $$
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\COMMENT { This corresponds to checking that each possible double failure mode is considered
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\COMMENT { This corresponds to checking that each possible double failure mode is considered
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as a test case; more rigorous cardinality constraint
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as a test case; more rigorous cardinality constraint
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checks may be required for some safety standards. Note if both failure modes
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checks may be required for some safety standards. Note if both failure modes
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in the check are sourced from the same component $c$ the test case is impossible
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in the check are sourced from the same component $c$, the test case is impossible
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under unitary state failure mode conditions}
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under unitary state failure mode conditions}
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\ENDIF
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\ENDIF
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@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ the test case failure modes will cause.
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%
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%
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In the case of a simple
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In the case of a simple
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electronic circuit, we could calculate the effect on voltages
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electronic circuit, we could calculate the effect on voltages
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within the circuit given certain component failure modes for instance.
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within the circuit given certain component failure modes, for instance.
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The affect of these unusual volatges would then be a failure
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The affect of these unusual volatges would then be a failure
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mode of the functional group and become the result of the test case.
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mode of the functional group and become the result of the test case.
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When each test case has been analysed, we have a set of
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When each test case has been analysed, we have a set of
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@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ component created in the next stage.
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}
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}
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{
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{
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Note ensuring that no result belongs to more than one symptom
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Note ensuring that no result belongs to more than one symptom
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set enforces unitary state failure mode constraint for derived components.
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set enforces the `unitary state failure mode constraint' for derived components.
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}
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}
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%% Interesting to draw a graph here.
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%% Interesting to draw a graph here.
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@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ Because the fault modes are determined from the bottom-up, the causes
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for all high level faults naturally form trees.
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for all high level faults naturally form trees.
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These trees can be traversed to produce
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These trees can be traversed to produce
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minimal cut sets\cite{nasafta} or entire FTA trees\cite{nucfta}, and by
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minimal cut sets\cite{nasafta} or entire FTA trees\cite{nucfta}, and by
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analysing the statistical likelyhood of the component failures,
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analysing the statistical likelihood of the component failures,
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the MTTF and SIL\cite{en61508} levels can be automatically calculated.
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the MTTF and SIL\cite{en61508} levels can be automatically calculated.
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@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
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{
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{
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\section{Introduction}
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\section{Introduction}
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This chapter describes a process for taking a functional group of components,
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This chapter describes a process for taking a {\fg} of components,
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applying FMEA analysis on all the component failure modes possible in that functional~group,
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applying FMEA analysis on all the component failure modes possible in that {\fg},
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and then determining how that functional group can fail.
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and then determining how that {\fg} can fail.
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%
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%
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%
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%
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With this information, we can treat the functional group
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With this information, we can treat the {\fg}
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as a component in its own right.
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as a component in its own right.
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This new component is a derived from the functional~group.
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This new component, is a derived from the {\fg}.
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In the field of safety engineering this derived component correspond to a low~level sub-system.
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In the field of safety engineering this derived component corresponds to a low~level sub-system.
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%The technique uses a graphical notation, based on Euler\cite{eulerviz} and Constraint diagrams\cite{constraint} to model failure modes and failure mode common symptom collection. The technique is designed for making building blocks for a hierarchical fault model.
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%The technique uses a graphical notation, based on Euler\cite{eulerviz} and Constraint diagrams\cite{constraint} to model failure modes and failure mode common symptom collection. The technique is designed for making building blocks for a hierarchical fault model.
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%
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%
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Once the failure modes have been determined for a sub-system/derived~component,
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Once the failure modes have been determined for a sub-system/{\dc},
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this derived component can be combined with others to form functional groups
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this {\dc} can be combined with others to form {\fgs} groups
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to model
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to model
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higher level sub-systems/derived~components.
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higher level sub-systems/{\dcs}.
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%
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%
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In this way a hierarchy to represent the fault behaviour
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In this way a hierarchy to represent the fault behaviour
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of a system can be built from the bottom~up. This process can continue
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of a system can be built from the bottom~up. This process can continue
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ behaviour of the entire system under analysis.
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Using the FMMD technique the hierarchy is built from the bottom up to ensure complete failure mode coverage.
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Using the FMMD technique the hierarchy is built from the bottom up to ensure complete failure mode coverage.
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Because the process is bottom-up, syntax checking and tracking can ensure that
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Because the process is bottom-up, syntax checking and tracking can ensure that
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no component failure mode can be overlooked.
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no component failure mode can be overlooked.
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Once a hierarchy is in place it can be converted into a fault data model.
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Once a hierarchy is in place, it can be converted into a fault data model.
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%
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%
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From the fault data model, automatic generation
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From the fault data model, automatic generation
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of FTA\cite{nasafta} (Fault Tree Analysis) and mimimal cuts sets\cite{nucfta} are possible.
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of FTA\cite{nasafta} (Fault Tree Analysis) and mimimal cuts sets\cite{nucfta} are possible.
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@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ It is possible here for an automated system to flag unhandled failure modes.
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\ref{requirement at the start}
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\ref{requirement at the start}
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\section{The Process : To analyse a base level Derived~Component/sub-system}
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\section{The Process}
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\paragraph{To analyse a base level Derived~Component/sub-system}
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To sumarise:
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To sumarise:
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@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ form `test cases'.
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\clearpage
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\pagebreak[1]
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\section{A theoretical `Derived Component' example}
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\section{A theoretical `Derived Component' example}
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Consider a functional group $FG$ with components $C_1$, $C_2$ and $C_3$.
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Consider a functional group $FG$ with components $C_1$, $C_2$ and $C_3$.
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@ -270,9 +272,9 @@ Where DC is a derived component, and FG is a functional group:
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% \caption{Deriving a new diagram}
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% \caption{Deriving a new diagram}
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This sub-system or derived~component $DC$ , with its three error modes, can now be treated as a component (although at a higher level of abstraction)
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This sub-system or {\dc} $DC$, with its three error modes, can now be treated as a component (although at a higher level of abstraction)
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with known failure modes.
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with known failure modes.
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This process can be repeated using derived~components to build a
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This process can be repeated using {\dcs} to build a
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hierarchical fault~mode model.
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hierarchical fault~mode model.
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\subsection{Static Analysis}
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\subsection{Static Analysis}
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In the field of safety critical engineering; to comply with
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In the field of safety critical engineering; to comply with
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European Law a product must be certified under the approriate `EN' standard.
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European Law a product must be certified under the appropriate `EN' standard.
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Typically environmental stress, EMC, electrical stressing, endurance tests,
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Typically environmental stress, EMC, electrical stressing, endurance tests,
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software~inspections and project~management quality reviews are applied\cite{sccs}.
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software~inspections and project~management quality reviews are applied\cite{sccs}.
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Three main techniques are currently used,
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Statistical failure models, FMEA (Failure mode Effects Analysis) and FTA (Fault Tree Analysis).
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Statistical failure models, FMEA (Failure mode Effects Analysis) and FTA (Fault Tree Analysis).
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The FMMD technique is a static modelling methodology, aimed primarily as design verification for
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The FMMD technique is a static modelling methodology, aimed primarily as design verification for
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safety critical systems.
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safety critical systems.
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However, FMMD also provides the mathematical frame work
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However, FMMD also provides the mathematical framework
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to assist in the production of the three traditional methods of static analysis.
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to assist in the production of the three traditional methods of static analysis.
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From the model created by the FMMD technique, statistical, FTA and FMEA models
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From the model created by the FMMD technique, statistical, FTA and FMEA models
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can be derived.
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can be derived.
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@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ component failure modes.
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Using the reasoning that working from the bottom up forces the consideration of all possible
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Using the reasoning that working from the bottom up forces the consideration of all possible
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component failures (which can be missed in a top~down approach)
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component failures (which can be missed in a top~down approach)
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we are presented with a problem. Which initial collections of base components should we choose ?
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we are presented with a problem. Which initial collections of base components should we choose?
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For instance in the CD~player example; to start at the bottom; we are presented with
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For instance in the CD~player example; to start at the bottom; we are presented with
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a massive list of base~components, resistors, motors, user~switches, laser~diodes, all sorts !
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a massive list of base~components, resistors, motors, user~switches, laser~diodes, all sorts!
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Clearly, working from the bottom~up, we need to pick small
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Clearly, working from the bottom~up, we need to pick small
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collections of components that work together in some way.
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collections of components that work together in some way.
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These are termed `functional~groups'. For instance the circuitry that powers the laser diode
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These are termed `functional~groups'. For instance the circuitry that powers the laser diode
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\chapter{Safety Critical systems Analysis}
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\chapter{Safety Critical systems Analysis}
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\input{statistics/statistics}
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\input{statistics/statistics}
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\chapter{Survey of Safety Critical Analysis Methodologies and Tools Available}
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\chapter{Survey of Safety Critical \\ Analysis Methodologies \\ and Tools Available}
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\input{survey/survey}
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\input{survey/survey}
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\input{standards/standards}
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\input{standards/standards}
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\typeout{ ---------------- Component Failure Modes Definition }
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\typeout{ ---------------- Component Failure Modes Definition }
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\chapter { Component Failure Modes Definition}
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\chapter { Component Failure \\ Modes Definition}
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\input{component_failure_modes_definition/component_failure_modes_definition}
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\input{component_failure_modes_definition/component_failure_modes_definition}
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