From 22386efd158746a03ce46d555ae82e6be9268ef4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Robin Date: Sat, 24 Apr 2010 10:36:33 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] after meeting with Andrew Fish in Hove Friday --- component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.dia | Bin 0 -> 2091 bytes component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.jpg | Bin 0 -> 15652 bytes .../component.dia | Bin 0 -> 1197 bytes .../component.jpg | Bin 0 -> 9251 bytes .../component_failure_modes_definition.tex | 424 +++++++++++------- .../componentpl.dia | Bin 0 -> 1336 bytes .../componentpl.jpg | Bin 0 -> 7031 bytes 7 files changed, 260 insertions(+), 164 deletions(-) create mode 100644 component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.dia create mode 100644 component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.jpg create mode 100644 component_failure_modes_definition/component.dia create mode 100644 component_failure_modes_definition/component.jpg create mode 100644 component_failure_modes_definition/componentpl.dia create mode 100644 component_failure_modes_definition/componentpl.jpg diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.dia b/component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.dia new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6945670a610d48b10fd6b63fb6c17a62d996f661 GIT binary patch literal 2091 zcmV+`2-No?9ehaxJo93=4)6l(Zi zlqAtmHyRGE&VpdGgK1Po=Ck_Ks4Vk%yew6aMssyJ7)O&Yvpid-(?Qj$Za2x2ED!FY ztLRI6*HFKtJf!P|%6Ge+FR~)mP0EMGUXzx7%-Q;qrl+Lc+{Yc+cL#jVm_tiAeR*-TY<+C{5$I)w(R11NDz!>YrU{XlPDMza{c{$wp zv~bC3;queM#l`g^%ga29%YDdkmL)1mE7USys>5-LNt9@cJvOZlv$%=NGJ9hDH&IeN zX9Cs7-|n`T-np|po<4r#ZnbFX;vya=s%i9bS{|+YhvRg= zdv&aOufN`r4OMTg=3y!nQ|#sDVYZB?s(6BC+ihBUx~-cHpIY_ZcF$dy>Z2WFZ6T8A zLFIM#KdsGlP+#C$ae`=4#&@fC8*7q{|5cN+p6uUcluo038e9ZFWnTwtA4Gc~@$_== zC){4F-RbGhv<~jA)*|~xDGbuGFRtmyF$l&IScEGw-@$9y22O|Jex%oneffcve{dI%S z__RT6zIlghrXEaP)RnqOUuSc%sYCJ_48tcj!W2NJ*-I#M$={BXdUFicPMzGOu;6`U z@Mrb4+@LV3DU7>Pm;%b#xd0F|ha|30IG|)C0Fu}sBF+zlEX`Ux;ce`+X}hL2Jlkrw z6UqH-`b||@wghyKctLG0b(WS*i01R)CYr~|gC1Cv7K5NDAB?%ydR2Y(HMt zuS~9$sgaIenclK8{T`>P!R4o&l?ei5m>`|{OBw}A8Cu41$Vb*Eht$dwBl0lhNtUM9 zDxKQdym*eyfr1$!=k&mUT3`IhVs{`-xu(ZDHPh0or!RA{C%&uS1h<+PwP2N*%~}NO z-)h%mZ=Ma`MfG>l_IJg8>Skv^$1$qx2-KwvB7Mn-WA0j*5O8KQE`o8xWCr_SSdq7; z&aG)954}0$gNpdbp4K(zE z^p*vwIit_J>d^&4fEwS0N{51EQ9^@4M;8QebS?oUPP6)*C+73|PV)LKajNJ{WKApM zbxXosnpO=XkoDyRr*eb=t2{e>HA2TxYV!=6_hUQ6>#rB1@(wZTPJByF6r;+{w3Pr0 zy9prN^0va!7GD!%bP)o=H7KTU-y8fZ%F9B_M&Wm)oV$fBZ1kRC4?|T1k6==bzu`Js zUBT#Rl`-QULWxc0H}v^4uS)Ga^rF;9QR-fT24LlJyUn0gD3v5(fCLWvqeuYw44V54 zS`!bwCiO3chH&?SZXz`mE+9B`U-+3--Go*!42|rDxqgQM70hjQch|}JMA|6}WKri@ zG?SlY=p1RQ=QJfz<7hgYl!OF`Sya-4oW!SPYI8}NQNQYIzwqYPwYhB}r8l@etVu(i zi_$_Z7S=sS4)rNCC25o!6N_mmMRx(7wjFB^f`;zhhR#}E$ zr?d=pt}SDxJ`tT0;Idx32El*{Q^vsn=OLCFln5z=&y9Jz*vLa~6#JMN3%eUdX{f+} zaB3855M(7u00fbiBnD(pB*`boPM}InRP?IU!`v7@!V}|om9=7SpBhJXo+=z+0wk>+ zC)baTcb(lEJOBZTt?U^7p0Z=&2!s|@CW5(5kF9_pkS0H-InB&2l;(5~5@f%qJib%Y zVDqufGjDgDZ%Vb0)7#!YMg*OU3o!%)YV+hWOSZy*fI_WOD@1@;ANI<S59z!y~8>l#m$@hD+#jryNPZDWnDoYoE!e5)Fx|Fx1XE=8iM>t@CVbYRq-@u)BE0 z?ESuSMtON1<#~4BPCSe|cYd9yboN;2qXVn%AWwu>&&D|DsRqPb_c&hv(fhWW9UbA> zdq}NYAl-&ZQin$n3Ijwq<9_| zIvaf$AA!ic@^4)qB4J@JAiyCB1s@^pL+c++eGEDL9`f6L-`i0V4Q%udbq~XPOpb7t zgsekv$EQgMfvAxtR7(>B7+c`5C(`8i{7!MCL<1YWH1%)S57X`y@%F$Y37Fec&Y=aN z)j8)j%cQ+)$K~+dX7t6r}D|e@u(S2~OT+fSJrhSi4PYSd%gpUX{EmH8au6(yPi+_1^xk VZC7Vo|E=5A+5fnQN{sq-003{a4Q2oU literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.jpg b/component_failure_modes_definition/cfg.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56dc26ae6b3307a4a0d1a0c4fe6bb53a60bbbacb GIT binary patch literal 15652 zcmeHu2Urx@wr-KL1Ods2pdd)j2sEH19Rv&@AVH9va}yg-5XnJ6auh@bM3Q8coKX;z zoRee_8fd!TW@enL&YYPO?tS;2@15o={OBsH*4}&Vwf_HKt1uri6A;BEB~>K|3k!m< zzz>8OhAu#a`1l0)c!UH51VluH#H7?@q$DJy^i;>mshJsAS(q7^m`-x=ah^PNj-82# zOZ@CP0YMQF5mrt~83`e2K4B4|qnlt65fPD+kkXNn(Fw6Ju?hXdAIxirk`P+NZpFbm z1z}TS;ZR~>8X;C-Cmz<%AL!Q)7B&tp9zFpf5itq4po{{-#=^nD#>K(I!^H(x`+)Nh zE+rlno1i@Yan0KVryQw;{G&4o*%gZ4&|H1D&LM2<6hK5wdxDOh;q)0!uCv@CqGI9_ zl2R8gDk>?fs9w5u{f3tIO&wj6JEmsl7M51dF0O9wa1YPB_X30N2R{gjiG3IspYSL# zDJwhYactVPNp%r=iKI>6zKN`Gv)$jm@p? zFFU))z5SzcVL>>*3=91JWne#yixP|r8y6P`m*8kzSlI61z@fy&V-v)ulGh}-?Rfl@ zkUt@{LUd;F8zOe$tLrqzPVb0mIYcH;ZyXKn=aKz=0}J@4M)upl{%c%A5Gf88SUem` z2nOx$b7lDv|BHt-25PCgA6!4lzaHpdmnNw~2NA zf%gRrl$DNw9+Dt7vYYBRwdBkCAPb)Xj858MV#$sdf^zJ`G|{q4~rh_|OV$k8DP zv<5E*YOci&fwnLZ@?squ26_knQ#)Qg@*M^uOlXAdpT$6XaupbeVVjr>rw0Q~QX%hS zAVnAk;-bYs)5@q*h7=fRArAx1VvnP&d$}^m!MS^vr&tfEF%T+44+Dk&U|*43*1v;E zqLBrW%t&R;^^w6eDRh5X{lJRNnF@4U0BO#>_`M)?MfNb)&rP099vG+zwii>sY+a0j zJ}uz%a%EK_SVxvT5%=uNWcaVeG+RsP+Q-n1cecp6-}T>~^OFksonPcu+k`(lYlH0| z7`wM2cPy(C1Chh4S{f4)%6BaGN_`3&!(0rPZaPM9ewophm&1eC-$gScwVQ?_!|cCw z@vOLOBI9>x5T%z{C}>XJraSf=A+-|%7Bw(^O9}&h9Q46JFEy|*5b@>7`9qTNz4MO1 zwYb3f)9YL4z%^9rE3lYx3)C6}z=__*Ai;+ob|+` z#+t`K>p68Sh~8QZ6kEZHa*9M=H6({E7+|2b;YhTkfxjXIZh<<>e?NVjA2GAif`OQ_ z(bNeIJ^Lr>H{GT&P=t1drW_06-_)c8l=wT5wPW7O8#}Q%!-r|jOBXNnvr0J0b-S5F#8sM4B{L4|<4;KxVq4z{ zHEOR^9~G&GNqaw0rk`ikg+{U}3pkt0bt`tPLrD(wd{o3g@$qTWaF||gf;+ul(USHf zycPg|x@#a3uTEyg(43fU*k(`jutKcj+BswTokDq>PV&+(GkkK>WsqyB_L(t3v1fVe z`9p1adR^v@t`e!5!8hX=9nP{tvd+y!vZM2c47xem;a<5*VnTW!>oV9XFOrLJ$(pGZ zDk;fvH&VX3LkuliJZEI3Zt!y4an7@%-K@>5tx$~?cBD8-m3ea_psm3cCNTAM6keI# zR~CtkAHBJxCFPw^{Kosq#SoeoubY<%M+B7Q=~t4VC9dbmqjoaFZ)2@1tS;$&O3tU1 zMXEKD&+1TEOEnejq_UJfMLNCLdtdD`a4vRY%r$r6E#}1+=&A#gI6^u`Ka2Rta8q4vE|6(YM?#d`YuB=C5AZVz=VELTV&MK zm8ANa#!CHumoKhz*df<{M(pE;&ao)pUC$K0Xkvg*Ka<-9=fX`Ar ziqn@I?E4~+THb`gP&ZiDQ;{%qP%ZcpUjPGbT*oRlvE_Z7;-KasGZUK9<3MqKQ~f-R zc0>wR-^Mcs}B)Ou&6;pmH!z;%zJBZz;+Z}Kp+J{ zb_~fzAFn6CK)r*R7-*uI70vA@Mf^iB)|UVMWZW8mt2$X#u@Tr*Q{07H$5jiT3BSve zPbiP;AkQ@CCqos&m4W>i2RUp#0Ts6vT)#_-f!@1iMG_&}43ME1$f4(u(~9dTJB2|1 z>H)?Al0UewD+Y3e9dhb!9}VxvuYP_^+dC1(cTKx%7rR`&M90?nE!73)?XRVHqT?d- z;9{%I)ACv$rej(z#$2$4N{5yUjyL1fZN+5n`w8ET?pD@Ugq+2EDfDcG8{E`A<_bfW z8~1K*y$Mh$4j<>=@7!IC*vtI{*WDkNPiWX$+UUtX3}4RFv@CZCD{LA)vsq9EpTzeX z)Kr9=PWTchYnPOj4~TN*-LzRf_h?v;&Yk0F2sz(J(@!bek_&m$7~}ld;WgKfR;gQ4!KeS1GUQWmT?W zaV;%x9x@nySlG8c^`a-R%sQ@b#g)wWd@>_ra3MQ($DK{OM?&{wJ+8IVza>4;)&}!& z6|Q*a9p5$vsu1en%h`V@PD0lyv^VDDor8K!fwdT&7KdAR>{Z>}>j|14sPr!(_57v9 z#%?(Tvvvj(b`-OFaLiVAOBBBR8S_!W4R6?r>(+Q}d3Zf3Pp8nktdOP>G=2IZtrOg- zMY8$5r-M{Dr)q6!zr8D&vS!5U+?+%vHY4JU#B^At26YLQYV-ri?Fr*@;FvXQQzI0k zdPv!^DXzHyLuwt4=+?}*{`Hqr5;O~h@1K=Of2^q?>x1eync^Z(P!tdo(dxMJmKfr^R{38T=a6ZuSzPi`mz zx^xV}3DeHfPDh=?K#7Cs=IXV>7{Bw(PCIJCa{Wb<*DY-eOcQYeuD{G=msn|XcKkec zvd^~E>rkh3xSCAqCY!Uh-MUP*n%{jg_WO*%1gl?q%3Su#?(gJ=`{eDVX%7|5-0d8$ zwwvWiaZE9*JU|dzUE@o@FM0mP)jYSxsmb2@juDkK!l6}HnG+YsKSFL_121!$k=?yi zXDpeu>@f5|+1P`{?J(JQ2Lsh_+6`Aon>{sv_xl9xd-2Myn3UAgI^F7GpsRT!)%coR zK=9xbE~)3HSU+t&d4Y|qTUCGz^UBalA&6csaWS(x=^i9vlm4$#sB$6=@C;+$8kpVn zd3;#GYSpiM(79Q+YKJ@QnC5BQ?XxlDcTOK(__ljkJN{;&`=T?4kOGZ+Yd3Yv3v&WT z2Yi)z_OR<0n#I(Bq2r9d8R~nOEc?|^clul_UrIIQrg+`KVFs?-9|y$(q(kE)Jpx0` z!^4(6nI>GCG|G@Z)+W!&`Y9LI>;`S!(Xlzt6SzAMT6HQ&$r>l(I6T+6u+`LC@Hzb~ z_kB8}WS<>N-TB0hk8dK?a`Kk!a%2iVPleMoXJ*B;n(utWzR$h#K`q*J%esi6%gNik z)GFb4V!G+5{#{mayuqKUY{e&zAk0GyEP)R<9ll$;G?p; zF`sk*39As(3&Iuz$KBLti&t6k%?75(0XZz}?Nb?@*&br@NcTFduU;AO<7DA4303@1 zMiOie`y|MbpdiXBDDb@gj9wbkF~^?yE3YZw}7+1~qE55IiE7Wk9#Pc!9n z6WbbByqt(S`%z@>?s-c)v`L+A149K>iq2Jioemuokxr=-&<*XAcgJzf%Iu_h?BQwb zL91q7J`Q-%G;WXl0*xnTW>A&gT-f@;jnPZupH0P55qTr3Sg!*4DG5^PP73o4*ciQ> z)gu)@#v^=v?D=f+?@&a@XhYB`DO2ld*){ zylAX*t~9Xh;Y@^nL(297cBEDMwe{58;%EB$2CW8Tb8pTK;o+$avqecbI1zG~FcWrL z;2c-pKqUxU4@%t=EKIdpN0^7Ym?ce`x?h|~5p;U0O*a|jV{L@&Zs*aPuPLc3ttzpI zzkF7c!AvN%*ydwrLG4R?#wU`^++{8P1vA!bC8NovaW-|W?7^%hqWQe^GpGiM=?E-l zB*(hTZr1*1jSsYHS0`7}&Ij|>yqY*TpLhyes8eO+X1QLM?GLh!H3l;EDe1nu;y8?f z3c@vg&0%XSSc}6zAkhN?$%Ff7?G=Dx{baC@xHR&zFB=d@0Q7A?tVbS!S$iOmoMGKF z1Y3X@+9u`!kav>zNFTWf;4Tk{DwE2n)AdLC$Rot8?>OoReia?bBNad%IZlo$0*?)3 zU5`frh@EvC1H~O6){lr{4G?Uo#(`k-6Ku2I9!>oR=E(3&od|dB;v2u#C(G30Z0?Xe z6(@S&4UDUEB9z2sk;i4C)Q0_FjU0==;t?(X&ZZyCfjseOK-&G@sO;~|!CIi!K9UK( zoukO_XGen|10<+xAVKkf1jTxo_QQEC*>Z39sTJi0hcWnx1HORuJ&_2?MJ zSvncIG~vEH5v{DQ+-axEV9JXApgt?d^6uv;;2Q_Z1emRvxE2h=n2kPR52Oh?#O9@GAXxPhWM~=y zX@aBzs3oMZz0*J~Xw#JVR=kZT5-t99S^oWO!kXmY;~A$!tkPqkoE1fL zl=#5*8YK#-A_X}kK3UBOpo-{+C6~Wlf*TReP_}0I$te51(fG$ac6FhL47*{z zdr*f@udLCHb$t9~w<6(<7C%=6gFZa6Icesl<&bZ>DgTas+H2D!x+!-pU#u|U)TWy! z7!$9I;AqPpN2=?utIZ`mmBT6HfG5c}Gv4H=~#{a{!k$0>hcf?9)v3H3!#_(cwPPyvC*3c-S>rDPJ zFsaI0OhW^K_8V>kSoxOkZZV5lu)t(!!q!AiYlO{vKohQ_0|-0I^sPNsl+R&k{XPa- z^|8QSh!=~S(xGVeqm^smKIWjZlET`aeyc8V5-Sg$=3}^0bgDJu9BH;OYx?;Utej(X zCwFb;Mf)|d6siBIg8(*NzsH#dg3gN@gXj<|X`&-%Z7|#+E(6YbSvdkEs5E#2`i-{X z{@Ew%oWNVj5Ffb*fwS^LE`OL9wUa-hj7$2Lr)yrU+lLjd-05!1=)(>E$iXDw%|xL* zsRf&~#6bOl)9I+=7-;9WEY^pC@=01?NKOp2e3a_)FwoT#5r}nlP}KM>AF88s_?bXR z1lhkN8%>*jsA3=q)Ik7g%)cfvUf6zAjWY%cK%l!Lk-CU4Z18yu1UA-T>epOYih-6C zHhR!tum@8Ae&&46SdR>Sjxx#9AJh3Xu5%c_vOE{G&&CvbD)1a}kVNx@mk66&tOYFU>c9X4t_(QT8RDwu(C{u9RM1igC*SsODX}D^eglX)WJa4 z*1);~Nb?b3SmF|N-uTgy0^IZBEB2%@KUA+fTG$p0bX)m*OU`+pd~sy>!hriuEHHe2 zEePHT3|A1!i;j{&EwTFeBjH{l?~U{{=kcJoz_ZgZ?_H}P`ed( zF8C%+AOSrKz$aHj8rE-Z>BCPn44$BB6WLsh@8O6MG;Q{O(wFdTXI4HWgAezR(@-kweGYh}6iqLwnWyR5I?=a8_ z1Uknam7H3VdOl7kN!!bES9BU8>#IugRO*GuPO%Rh_#*&BY0kPIv;JYd>N< z|DZ{~(wl#H@Len3s?%MI2!03X{<E1FkvkEt;oenNA_CNfut?ptLh^RVd@2 z^QS$|{z20}*z?+q)1y-DTD@gNywldLuA$TsTC756Q=JGNLvGiv+d2|UDkq7Wste>B z5gM-f$b3#1bdk}!F;IH2a{el%PV;b@!16`E<_0$ZcJuR2DO+idAy5YrP)CmYz;P-N zhg=aq1J!AJ094)4qd-K>lKMN4Do^?k@W+Lw2e}3ug3C$tc#FpHdqV6PREL%adpkO`UM3L`kj>N2%za z`Iwp!i+=2h)dm6)?l@7IIwf04f5yR;tX+q)fplr&jXjOr3sP7q`FqZ3!eJT&roYRg zz@P@ze%I7vdip}2m-`;xt}dKV5?kT4?8)yw?|f7|y7p5=TAz9dNn*`n-}%`N=6TLE zRd(6L*9#KZ1-)2DBu<8 z8&eJ?yF#jyGp@~3!u>arFL&rG44i+)^T^INhh8<)VPU$T@=XTOlc(>k!~{LYOlPY+ zNb|)OuY1^h9AZo(8WAAB6{%bDixBYr=ptJFPwCUkjj5E5iwl=-OLIJ;R)vSh@sDp&P4EOgb^vdKCj1ojE;$= z(X$t~^jD)jFiV+*L^73fR54MhhJFwmmZJ2`?k{CgZyCk|^6ix=Y- zj<_;z{Y=z?;m!sIdQ7FA@e5wj(cP(LxodCDt}|+&>grV9+hAMbd>&hwuRX&%FTX%{ z4rP)xVjXRsaTHr%x*w{oL-YvzV5M9-Q8 z#;9c$r#9(vx65Bu7R_@nu+*Yd}-Uwa!7cdfyIzJGc6Eib|>v$Vsy|6zjCX5y%H zjY;8k%FQsW#rJ;VrS*((FRg%0YagwytKF(p#=Df^Ps1xZCnG4*!aQfRYJ;*(p6ZdL zO6`noj>Kf?d1xuNE(sCQG^d{0woGbHaL+RAj?Aw;tl3GRIBV0%p^!Xs`{Bf-AA#k} z0Eh+&I{LEH2NtSxj6nh(Q~VN5fi20i-pO0ls~chNU6B6!GA|!}yP?t3n%1tTpY8dP zRxwctsI$cBNNZ*nMqB2OS<#k*0X_;JZL~}`a;M>3P&0x1l=(0mTrEj%sJa(5YE{ym z;HYLhOE}|8cbChTfWx+@`1zAkGClS6IX||(FCqgr&(p9(!v^v?My@|}6t*=zeSOvm zK244FVR4N2ov51CmTFmjg;$5!jgMy(Oxp?CA=Q&OcUy27h6^t@XjKiQ7Z{Z1<*iEH zbK7ilwOO1|J|!3Yx%361CXeo_fbyxTq2G8dPY;?F(Fy2~iT*CS&A{J)f8vn5NjEKf zn!Xf9hk=ZTiXPZ&761Tvs&ZuSs-bgASOC6E?E+5!N)7+y0q;dC+9cXUy!CT$=Xg{G zek#Af{Mww8Q?^p{+0kbFzNZNGLpRY^4EbG8(NSgSyLO_lF!KARr|&zQzG^ey_Blm< z-{JHX)c&POI#ucSxAiTjeYBPP*2V-BL_fT|be$!`j)0~Wh+u#E1dA%Il#r)MK2M(x zAI8ZA$^j{`M>gI0FfGoED?5NXh;Be4TjNQvz*7PUk|Lg{|6x9U=&rJWei!v&QwjII zO-Q5JA4Ze1n3>7Rx=PYNF#rCcI|oOR6~h}v4wiIR{Ji@oPGGEUMPjjg#ep>pa|c#ad6gX3_S0SnJNz3b@i z6XElF&ExK|oDWTzO}5;Y$I;!(2U>Oya^VT`FG}9sX3%d=x1gmfoQ+p}q)>w=i2KH< z#vD#S-(r=UM*U%ctJL{)^Z^`D^z>SAjv>h(c>rX_t zw$8INE1DzTp7lCR-mw=NMgaMBC)b_H17We{*tcdo-6wM}p#7jURiUR*Y;a)3s>i2D z@3LJCZA+WwsVF3qx#f&GJpo9`uC`OP^ddX8)_Ig5ZSgrBEp$Xi*O0iYioz-#?JH0SUu7A4J% z8&!xMNOvVy*q*Lf{@g5hO@2~MweVzJWlXQWYC-tbIf+jpr-Dh@DB|!Uu&GpTrEE|6 ziK&N_-p(!Ct8xuAKM+(3kmpavK+>p!>RtEY3W@p0qBZ(ir|*e}yG@<7^KE@DgG&N19x z_CzBYFA`cS%9CVt>{peC=c|Rd{Idu;AKLM@hZ&I)LuF6k^H)kk)sqMd3$HFAKdDd+ z*bCtkcDgH3l&=!B%W*J8;JFm5yljl&GAhjUbLDpMk)L5T=>jG96CY#;-My>^oPKg` z?4JnH(V>ab<2bDo5R=CiiB;{nG1z!VAT#mCX>ReSViV*JL^$l@IE!-RS)fs>5b+&y z{m`rZ16788;L7@V9-;$#&zvWQB z%Z*qW{f-{CtdIGF;5*-<1CVUl7yWC9ps+f(Jm>k=%1Rsy8&ZDymVDXL|B~As(|97# zhKz6>m&KLauQt~Nb_GQ8!;9xIIsJeVJ}T5nw=*j z`28d9HpbZ!3wX9jhB>{^g3Ik6&J~HQ7t>8we8}n7rI+>Di|eN#B-xyqxZ5XD*c}3G z9vr9{z?hJcTD`oDLl4zy@)cg=FqL-%Nq&B*7+&XJJdnTG%Xxo$uk?+FOxgq1;IuLH zs^m{L#UwX|bmiOeqfVOPx-JPDRD#yVFwcjZH(MB&2Jbd--m*}7yc2(HAd9Ty0JZwj zyxk+Q4IbU$lRF6z!F=6xa6`3Y~LhXBF?NstpN& z=A_9*wiXj?_QMOlyr??$p32N-UuxbPpq!JiL!K!YIqdrtHx{PoxNA|QHCnxnewcSOe#%fDd9 zZ|f{a{Pl0QGUD{0#ejWmgNT)JK*HF6CSgC2mA@uoKgzcHc+TkaN8;?1;Q^jLVj(vJ z=XE+@wxUPO*6@(J48(^Cbs(iN97$$KKCR#K`v$uJI1C-AMvj5-dO?F7C_@q*HPF$Bz)&ZEn9$gZ_4}qV<^SB} zKlAbr_{*O+8CIzy<)v9c^LOrjAmM_3#-#o}msD}33Tq#J_0nShlxk&b;>O1>@KrSM z9iW~U86*$ClITD97jV?(alk^?4yyqvz393?GlzlbZ4ss0Fmg+(Tk2$mc~c~p&!?Z> zi4U)s@noVPY-Q&@Ch_dM-1W7v{!PyPACflzXGF(;Mr8dvEcr1)-U4;~Z&6G!N@sm| zS(a>&A2unv5!Vu(H*$Gq#HxBa*2c!IYGw9{fU=_;bIZ5oFzbv$#1B#RZ&x)845!qT zwi?pu*#}{hEQ6w#Ppl(L#&dP(cUtX8CQ|$)SSn{6yF3Gbd0F63B!AbhZyoggNd;o? z*OvuI{-gr&^`(P9sX%;vcj4d6oY+*mt)_A68b%NDz#8Q|-Nky_gNsA)X}9I)e7 zr7|CGGV3eWj0w@kmh4fFTFD-|I`*?H!HBbAL2+e_$-}(bnte$tajPa}f)5h|0!J=n z)11GdbUkcB15d)+m@{NZ^ko-nDBH5j=FCB|Q`ec5nn*5>yAkeK&CWW{Hu##p7_uoo zC_6xWgw32xx8k4k@Iv>5Esu}8Ic}NI)UyVbB2jvr!5{JtZbj{xooZ;u4aApw)xG)T zS;{u^S>76va_s`%_-9Xsb!!`L$%L5+6S>)T?MA&KZH&ReYWtFb)4&iokZt>ve>N4kO>qS5k7Q;)dW~YQ92fbBt)hT#^IettP3mfz-)^TJ8bD*{TmL?Mp=S zuSZ#vo+sb4-CPYzeU0;aIySr-Mso9$RkRglhl6Q^UcQ`}e&s7u^Oas2xfcy#0FQn82HBE%hQ;_n&!RDt~WpKM^kjW3bSKzqGo{ z)D%K+8`spC59e655S-~l?nc=#hj{tE(B+(-{M=NUo}mr4GYF1WlTUvB6()0SuP1P# zbH+{#dx(C>Ey@4X=3G{I51;9l)D!(>2H~=hC%Cy|0hPn!q=xDRdP6#TR#BG4OYfF= z=SJjr6nQw4nrKuX#@nC@HUk=WsIkoTkg=vYR=RO@!?dA4ar4z2%Cn`mY0O-p#BB?_ z-CuY`u8pQ*^3ZclKWz{A?sP!=(46&+M+^I(Q^iN|9H6?xaW#lj50Rx*BHbz2ivl&i} zTqptwdiJF6Yq$Ri-vUir-5SWl5V;LY=F(G88a@wCUwRJ6wSOq4>93pY{2@v!s@ z2KkE6Z6qI2fj7zIXRqL#Ab4rVoft{#XY7OzDdcA;;7xXa0K9&yZ2SY~5SUN@2hPOK A^8f$< literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/component.dia b/component_failure_modes_definition/component.dia new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd801b7219b9406fdbead2f73e74fb63149d00b3 GIT binary patch literal 1197 zcmV;e1XBASiwFP!000021MON%ui7{i-t#M>+}((p#Ccx|)pVq47BiYfJKZ8fOz<=~ z$T4u)%x@n%35C3PB!rd`k?s{SC+G9AKY!=g;r)lVWvFa0i%CRBstz<&!E_e+ga#w^ z?=PR;x$1{;@4ZjZtN05TS}NiR8q2$py5M~EIv8xXTM+JI#3KemvIa38{ENa64TRA^ z9rqOF*ny8Yl5JTl;+&D`nq!5cB_63$H2W5?Xia@JwaV;fQ5Z30gTj&eGEXjbkhvM; z{G9N;LIIvKjK0;o*2Lv`OI1zFU<{YW&FmM>d&NER1L{e)-jWNxPIa z9DG%Ev=)Rf5eo<{C{*?u)aNsQ2OVmTXA9)uspE#TK@%PY=PG z_&7d8v%F1>r$uHqI5+A=yGsWqZ7L+|1R_K`%rf^M4{2J-COA_Z1w}vGlwc$}QVwdbArA0N@AxuW zU@b5S7Q7zJ25t_^YZzF(h_;i8s_}eEtX{r@16Lc9S8q#R-3Er$x0@2`BKAs*zQh?q z6KGc714b)yoh5L~pe|#uZE44s*&%~PS(jTcuJect{(|555ry@P!murcg;Y6K-vt`% zQi4+y2bjjt1-b_%qV6~iA-NojGxbKnrfyD?4O-5wu$TKy`lXoinl0UlI;gIwjwr7} zl3W%s<%KAfwcmA1W0Q2LxHt}7G47&DM(f1t0+mbkXuIy#m$)OE32O+?eu9wDRZ&otV38m-{qGmAc8eQ&o`qonHY zQi-Gt*_tJDr*6QMbq^s!0Q~Y)qRy45z`v&o{md#!+r}olL zc~w3qx4ji&ToK|l#q7}dRqTa@Ofx*+H$BsC*J-zcv(L=?Lo;uBpZsKG+{^u@WZe4? L4B&WFcPan?I|@b# literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/component.jpg b/component_failure_modes_definition/component.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26f8b206c67dbc5b25f0eb4aac7f087158126a22 GIT binary patch literal 9251 zcmeHM2T&B-n(iSuWF+T22#Vw!hj7Uf4M-LN5s;iE3_*e@IfEnt5fPA#L?9?!LEs-QD}%?$%cAR=u7&Gd0zxPygQu-}(OUfYab2a8XN5Qw@N@000Jk z0B{aa0SGQ!fM38TfWzU0gakw+)TAWD#3T%qROHkwjBKndjLgjJ2mu~;&Z}I^%)FA9 zuL=o^iHWiCNXtu!$O(vwiTrE?Mo36VLQFzWN=h%n!OS7@U%tS100jXM1FOY_aRN9L zFkA{4*afgbapJ>%zkq+aU^uvV_!r;=gha$ph1!b%4h$C;2M-q?9}f?z9SGeA@F?&p zIfRuiP#IXkIo+s5LK5-`xRfi~X$(iv2+_Olp@c-Vbo302+?RNGFJBQ8mync_mQndl zRZU$(Q|tPTo41T^8=F|$*xs|dZ|~sY>E-R?>-RA1QFugT)Z^&Hq~w&;wDgS3=LLmD zFN$B5ysE0MsjaJTc-z>~+4a7=r?;X)_kjm@pyz5Rn9hew#> zlb^U?0Pa7-g1-M5*e|#!AY3?jc({1*pSWN+K2X7>z{BSdzCfvD0Jn0Z;uHxXpjJ-E zuWTpe5;a8A+;tx%qD6=;aqs?w_B*n_4_N4b3)x?R{VT3nfCLu?4IVB9fCSpm^-C^c z0qW=#&5yNCOgnVr#|t)X4jGb8856GMz#{Bjc_)@St#kNlNvBk{U4W~eT>((8oyzAxC;VBlty_*xo4Chkf@T6n(M(PYg&XT z;!_*^dGWx?LQnWDTb|;Zqc&cYhyDZ1e>5^Twriav4O4wzdl74w@b?-g5~h6kZ5(2Z522d=OY{WW!#H!zjtIL5uSRbT<^L zl?nW#jeqpVpUsbvaq)RJ(|uHxmnjoO;jDHu0+i+%L!vd$?BEso&l^xUw~aS*sarXW zr%jaX9oY_@d+$6|dy-E7jCau{5yi-h)6*_^jF6!_Z$@qYma;+f?}$ksrb_+i#SGfB zKwve;Hx1ivWO;JAG_M@hgWA)R(*}V%r4{GY6M!!jR&za~ZJWjs1fHjszV|4ZJ5!^j z+;Z2max2zxuNx$B;IvKUroSV}%Fvi}OO6l(5c{2$heWj?Fsl7qE1i9S0c*>7Q%T`y z{$r;J(_;$*+k0{8^>>n)zs+x`0-n?cs=%+sHHc-hh6j_jOsvhXtt+DAbU#6bWHZfk z|3iqPT*{W>=0aogq-PVxsUUQZL16)58W7WAp7FUS;LcjjMjn}CXAl*%WP`AW>pNAS z&hukO1qf9;T#Iq<_n(h;rFMr}K`g1`*l2;VT47WLsP2w0mRVfz$WL;l)r z9_p5p&H?H#Hy=7DSc^%JQVz&>=j{qFgkY42J>jPxgL=9eE%ILmMiAPWCO+LrnjIid z&kNR~(`P1$Ys#sCm8rT{VrHjJ?2UXVu6ozkNzzq)i2cB!p_~-*M%1auNdnNBblD4g-FUQ zhP_o{{!wO1d}^-S&o^*6)zMGQV5-gf8v%PLIeRovsp^_)Non}KJuP#^UWerq)z!;Z z>#P04aaSYfMk4y8Rvf+FKM;)ZOs^SK*gDZXhM*m=t1%z@0)wH_e(^~2Vijo zuC97_OM!3nVDO3fs81q!&C3X$WP&D*_b`Io9SOLF@2ga-#Mn?w(Ps+=_DpQI?1~GC zh?$r{RjBp@L*-DnhG3~YvealBQB^lQk50}$>Sz`gGL_2=c&sbbCjjsBXkZ@%2vL0& zm?t3MI(*LKz>7{hOZgtvc0>XKW8Tk$$wMvoG&}`QeWAaPe;+HTI>$)c4y3oV5EY7f zIMKX$IBx}6q~`MH%(X@~C1n!d2QBsE`C9gJJ(MY(l{hN#wwaUf zs(ydxNZ4es)VYJaV28}L?@QAUJm)gj>OyaY-#`!|`g1(g6fAIs`k8pf3yhj zqjc*(4o*z!6sHTm2o>3|%d+lXqPek1f`)a*S(|6S2q~~XtTvgkm!O^8f2vI_(fgPk z1n$GaFymzhI+w<}rswRv^=IiQnS6Iftv?ZP)P+0^g$=)?hP~gSv*4;p>KajBmQKHa zs2PYC=LqvNPE`5Q_XzinFp7Y5Kk(ZXz6wf*Dso!OOAY*V8ubxt3*-G!CG*ZzPVPo- zw;qIqlJn#QKg6A$>763weof|VO)+F56fnU6Gd=BGb0#nO@!D68qo}+#u*BTNcwTN_ zUA!Unqh{R&AZTs@in`Ht{UvQtfNUcyju!i(82*v{5DeEqM`~ zWlua)Ql?Ap5+Yoc7~~FmtON5lPO`gv=uUKEKJAjIbH8uY=sQ5z+}N|96y+Y%wsYR} z7IrVAOc0u@Utd`}R%AY04wgodo9N2}lQ6gJucQlPt^Aq5Jl z!|5v!y{L)$(&p6$sB{UrJ=Rh;6RfWSskd1x@C`?0jS=NcB$AkdBk0Xy|Ge&k7fvj-$TP}rds zoZr{gADdxA*MPv5^6oGeqUckZ10r7BVGvld2Z4$3mE1FkFb_RZ9pfNSLfnJI@PNSf z*Ad=4a;Ww2Vh}K-i$$UJAi5j{0b)IDp&&CPd~!jcxk2hk9Fgy-(dKpi|42m)35@VtMK_^|$-#evJsMx|d( z!ehceq>stYDm7IMa^3v(lPPXGaS)ZE$p*%Pqddfc@X2f9Ztg0(Th{+jHlt=?8&@; z14_V(?_@q0sqqn2FPz;x5*8@+u*uKIb1{mdT>K^{a@fm-FnVsFNPUn+f6&6(-@%(m zzmuntDm9;>&x;GxBgn50nn4Wz_prP$_M&ff=R>=WdB!0S=wiHCG!Ybpv1^HyG#ln% zFmx9oK*sp6p|deaY(xt=2wV^Xf!&*5P(ZVI-d6?u)`pK_Iua*d6RWC;TOYaawBAq$ z-taIWRz6KVH{L*!i4(_F&)6%_ynR-j@ukznd8a-u3$SC34cx$0!BVxsAtgWcQ^|L; zVXwqtbk88=s$vld0%7zh%&UCcB@l>|N$ILPWK<6?FOEEapl@p0#N(055sk!le+wk&UuxR8>ztR zKrUi@zm@K-FKY6&MBO)Q5b(#1jVzPsQNp;r(*9z9q8IMG+R0LPIJw7s85Rr36AJ{2 z$lu3-e3xH>{&n`;Ky?rQ_8v)Nx9Rw_=4E@6MrV zL<>ea?VM>B=*TtN_Nz1d?25|Lrvt!)L_PYl;a}6z&fVhBGd{;f%Zr~(F^*~xzBL1B zu^QW)x6~+v@h-l_WA#vE%K3G_f!qlkRG%Dr>O8azbznH9^q;#MevnP|_i5|@JT-ym zVzjYZM_rbu5vWaB1NBF3s}%vNAkbikO{%4a4P%FpdwSyJr$l{FO7grsO&z^ZU{!$O zq_9cQd!fx`9{lz6&E)>&KKR;)ry1RW{zl@bQa_!d3FI~(4>mfwMS0kKOq@8x#rDSzek82^Hb_Lv=4q5xF|fYrfjPXcgYH0sc86-M`nD+S8n3q>L9Ue zan<`MGeqO6#oXYHoSU8rc<*|8@hDQPnzqR8mYgI{c{>I#e1(t9IP zqEoFF$JJEF)ix#jt3h`}L^}|&Gx4mIVM$Xh-qjAbXa}zh`#Vu7U+ibSX&BOXgFmTz znSfzSo#vWvLFW$9HSu|&_lQ<4sirtb&GUC21MX5^6`9Kx!e4#5FS8Iado7W_yY#Sk zO+@vJ4wX3~+||;R!^egOH&Gw^_KG+1lH+83G)M%4CPQg{$#nkWuF~QZl%7d%P*OkC5+{iq z1qmpG9XgLp-5gzezAZdAQ|Mg@&0|TQ;+m$=*Y3iRcb_q@5c6;ai+=65zpm}ID=@e^ zimGO0A-X*)ig2D5RjCQuj;D&4OC;=c6*doCD=VDsuS;tTPd3z|zAAd{m6m6dNK;j;Y88qFQ>JX|SiSib5#N0U#Ch+Ewn0s?l8=}Imx&Ut-& zJNzLH!9uUP5*3$Unqvm^#&)*9Oy0@Wl=QK@_gjl^a>=ZzA4mW83IpCAluX~arMez1 zrY&XbJ+Zx@u`Cj0xF-J%$K_bb>Z7aQyLPzLT2XG7jC`irRAW&}exi6h_xlcx*_rm$ zqxSXbkqap_TKl)h4vs-3_LjK~_@&eDJ z|Kn1DOj?r9J&euwvsR1LDtVIiKsTD``$56{l!MF#uk76sZ3WO z4PJnyu{+mm{V9=qK)~uR-uIQ^liUDED2K&iJK``mbAKpc) zGUO={a_JUo;uMm{%&0?}zu54vA&q zG^Sc8zVFBSS6gi6SfJJG22R6z}?Q zdA?daCXe!bf+XI281t0mstXB)@!VYZtFC^S3US{*jDKrN~45i4p8e1qB+ zIb$=%JYhP%@buDkO&2#rY>Tg~H_03PG%?N< z!LSxp^Mtgsxhb>~muOzZUB)9`&>@FDXKlY*q^GzG1ZGXHc~1`R1?_fd5$*Y|_Vm45 zeCRe|?8tcU#kW+(n4&q(2-{Gv_?Pm8?Tf4v?d6-KZu|`&A6y%S+jG$ozQuVa%q0z6 zR2tR-zPuR!VJb*{sTh(*rw$2qk7<&eGA}Oce>2uS#I?t>ITs?A>a9lyH5Jq*3AZ)r zZTpHH8|g|swdOUeN^oxw&Rz^CWJ`47eog2l5IO5 z4&JwyDQm5?W|^Qj-(v1r>*3;+Zoed9yUsv=DOma(x3g+9h@-ASVlOcBvvOT!wDGEX zyhu~3vikLy4E8%yD&ASOd>62T+A+|w+*H5k6m-3J7%4e_9O$=PZMUl>P~u~4SLk38 zW?WS?QCG^^n~^MJnLSZC+wYq9qgZK$l*q}_aGb2biDoFrO=LhuKv8kKb8U#4Dp9c= zJ{HWf{6y+|&BpUAl_Vo2A=DLy#LHal%rc@Pi?PpyOrZtjBE?he#DUe^p{S5?2O=isC4N-v!%j)}h;aTZ@L0Znz z7Ln20&2&tii+bd$oGG5;{3*$?N)!UB7Hy+q*@m}^Cd3B#`Zz$~#u4o%hh9GW3c7Rx z_&cnSf9Goa7gXloI$!%Y_kX3WMtRAO*+PXY{(kZ5dG>psEbOcJLa&X-W_cuhNzG!w zo~#tz^>ta&i*DvB*0jn$Q#s{+otTka8ZbwPi`5txSI&(aWkOo#`$q_nv8!|P5OWKzYLTton+~gNi zB}|`njV=on*0H2ZFVLlY^DFq%x5xdKXruF!j&`3Uu;axKq^bhWc%FFHV!7zY0Z=;i95RQJiBY@1ybQ*? zz%udOGuz$3v6Mym2fy{)OU-+7?abj-c=QIrdRN`m;8x}>jn=nXQQH$??mgIaiF@k+ z+HF6eMZx8}+d{)I=C@X8wvFn6KtFyP=4aBD)`dK|35DDxWrpO;?~82;=vLaDW~Hw_w%*5o6X$rr z^^D6afg+=Wa&6)&?^vt~2T*u3LWq{B0arN2& zJc8fgGY?W2&XeO;`uUH;kw>ohycu#2|7@Pg<3LOC4`=H}P+WiP<_grJ9?RB4ufg#3 zt~Qa$EuIJ)Y)7!O8lF(^gQuYn_2CA;C_Fx-@;I_mPX2|xf=~7#lSWzde3Q?%VpC<( V(-o<{GNRvYqMugL|D=F3{{$RkSfKy_ literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/component_failure_modes_definition.tex b/component_failure_modes_definition/component_failure_modes_definition.tex index e5c95b7..17e74d3 100644 --- a/component_failure_modes_definition/component_failure_modes_definition.tex +++ b/component_failure_modes_definition/component_failure_modes_definition.tex @@ -3,190 +3,281 @@ components, component fault modes and `unitary~state' component fault modes. The application of Bayes theorem in current methodologies, and the suitability of the `null hypothesis' or `P' value statistical approach -ar discussed. +are discussed. Mathematical constraints and definitions are made using set theory. } \section{Introduction} -When building a system from components, -we should be able to find all known failure modes for each component. -For most common electrical and mechanical components, the failure modes -for a given type of part can be obtained from standard literature\cite{mil1991} -\cite{mech}. %The failure modes for a given component $K$ form a set $F$. + +%When building a system from components, +%we should be able to find all known failure modes for each component. +%For most common electrical and mechanical components, the failure modes +%for a given type of part can be obtained from standard literature\cite{mil1991} +%\cite{mech}. %The failure modes for a given component $K$ form a set $F$. -Using these failure modes we can build a `failure model' from the bottom-up. +%% +%% Paragraph component and its relationship to its failure modes +%% + +\subsection{ What is a Component ?} + + +Let us first define a component. This is anything we use to build a +product or system with. This could be something quite complicated +like an integrated microcontroller, or quite simple like the humble resistor. +We can define a +component by its name, a manufacturers part number and perhaps +a vendors reference number. +What these components all have in common is that they can fail, and fail in +a number of well defined ways. For common components +there is established literature for the failure modes for the system designer consider (with accompanying statistical +failure rates)\cite{mil1991}. For instance, a simple resistor is generally considered +to fail in two ways, it can go open circuit or it can short. But we can also +associate it with a set of known failure modes. The UML diagram in figure +\ref{fig:component} shows a component as a simple data +structure with its failure modes. + + +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 437 141,keepaspectratio=true]{./component.jpg} + % component.jpg: 437x141 pixel, 72dpi, 15.42x4.97 cm, bb=0 0 437 141 + \caption{A Component and its Failure Modes} + \label{fig:component} +\end{figure} + +% \begin{figure}[h+] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 433 68,keepaspectratio=true]{component_failure_modes_definition/component.jpg} +% % component.jpg: 433x68 pixel, 72dpi, 15.28x2.40 cm, bb=0 0 433 68 +% \caption{A Component and its failure modes} +% \label{fig:component} +% \end{figure} + +A product naturally consists of many components and these are traditionally +kept in a `parts list'. For safety critical product this is a usually formal document +and is used by quality inspectors to ensure the correct parts are being fitted. +For our UML diagram the parts list is simply a collection of components +as shown in figure \ref{fig:componentpl}. +\begin{figure}[h] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 712 68,keepaspectratio=true]{./componentpl.jpg} + % componentpl.jpg: 712x68 pixel, 72dpi, 25.12x2.40 cm, bb=0 0 712 68 + \caption{Parts List of Components} + \label{fig:componentpl} +\end{figure} + + + + +%% +%% Paragraph using failure modes to build from bottom up +%% + +\subsection{Fault Mode Analysis, top down or bottom up?} + Traditional static fault analysis methods work from the top down. They identify faults that can occur in a system, and then work down to see how they could be caused. Some apply statistical tequniques to -determine the likelihood of component failures causing specific system level errors (see Bayes theorem \ref{bayes}). -Another top down technique is ato apply cost benifit analysis +determine the likelihood of component failures +causing specific system level errors (see Bayes theorem \ref{bayes}). +Another top down technique is to apply cost benifit analysis to determine which faults are the highest priority to fix\cite{FMEA}. - The aim of this study is to produce complete failure models of safety critical systems from the bottom-up, starting, where possible with known component failure modes. - -\subsection{Systems, functional groups, sub-systems and failure modes} - -It is helpful here to define some terms, `system', `functional~group', `component', `base~component' and `sub-system'. - -A System, is really any coherent entity that would be sold as a safety critical product. -A sub-system is a part of some larger system. -For instance a stereo amplifier separate is a sub-system. The -whole Sound System, consists perhaps of the following `sub-systems': -CD-player, tuner, amplifier~separate, loudspeakers and ipod~interface. - -%Thinking like this is a top~down analysis approach -%and is the way in which FTA\cite{nucfta} analyses a System -%and breaks it down. - -A sub-system will be composed of component parts, which -may themselves be sub-systems. - -Eventually by a recursive downwards process we would be able to identify -sub-systems built from base component parts. -Each `component part' -will have a known fault/failure behaviour. -That is to say, each base component has a set of known -ways in which it can fail. - -If we look at the sound system again as an -example; the CD~player could fail in serveral distinct ways, no matter -what has happened to it or has gone wrong inside it. - -A top down approach has an intrinsic problem in that we cannot guess -every possible failure mode at the SYSTEM level. -Using the reasoning that working from the bottom up forces the consideration of all possible -component failures (which could be missed in a top~down approach) -we are presented with a problem. Which initial collections of base components should we choose ? - -For instance in the CD~player example; to start at the bottom; we are presented with -a massive list of base~components, resistors, motors, user~switches, laser~diodes all sorts ! -Clearly, working from the bottom~up we need to pick small -collections of components that work together in some way. -These are termed `functional~groups'. For instance the circuitry that powers the laser diode -to illuminate the CD might contain a handful of components, and as such would make a good candidate -to be one of the base level functional~groups. - - -In choosing the lowest level (base component) sub-systems we would look -for the smallest `functional~groups' of components within a system. A functional~group is a set of components that interact -to perform a specific function. - -When we have analysed the fault behaviour of a functional group, we can treat it as a `black box'. -We can now call our functional~group a sub-system. The goal here is to know how will behave under fault conditions ! -%Imagine buying one such `sub~system' from a very honest vendor. -%One of those sir, yes but be warned it may fail in these distinct ways, here -%in the honest data sheet the set of failure modes is listed! -This type of thinking is starting to become more commonplace in product literature, with the emergence -of reliability safety standards such as IOC1508\cite{sccs},EN61508\cite{en61508}. -FIT (Failure in Time - expected number of failures per billion hours of operation) values -are published for some micro-controllers. A micro~controller -is a complex sub-system in its self and could be considered a `black~box' with a given reliability. -\footnote{Microchip sources give an FIT of 4 for their PIC18 series micro~controllers\cite{microchip}, The DOD -1991 reliability manual\cite{mil1991} applies a FIT of 100 for this generic type of component} - -As electrical components have detailed datasheets a useful extension of this would -be failure modes of the component, with environmental factors and MTTF statistics. - -Currently this sort of information is generally only available for generic component types\cite{mil1991}. - - -%At higher levels of analysis, functional~groups are pre-analysed sub-systems that interact to -%erform a given function. - -%\vspace{0.3cm} -\begin{table}[h] -\begin{tabular}{||l|l||} \hline \hline - {\em Definition } & {\em Description} \\ \hline -System & A product designed to \\ - & work as a coherent entity \\ \hline -Sub-system & A part of a system, \\ - & sub-systems may contain sub-systems \\ \hline -Failure mode & A way in which a System, \\ - & Sub-system or component can fail \\ \hline -Functional Group & A collection of sub-systems and/or \\ - & components that interact to \\ - & perform a specific function \\ \hline -Failure Mode & The collection of all failure \\ -Group & modes from all the members of a \\ - & functional group \\ \hline -Derived & A failure mode determined from the analysis \\ -Failure mode & of a `Failure Mode Group' \\ \hline -Base Component & Any bought in component, which \\ - & hopefully has a known set of failure modes \\ \hline - \hline - -\end{tabular} -\label{tab:def} -\caption{Table of FMMD definitions} -\end{table} -%\vspace{0.3cm} - -\section{A UML Model of terms introduced} - +In order to analyse from the bottom-up, we need to take +small groups of components from the parts~list that naturally +work together to perform a simple function. +We can term this a `Functional~Group'. When we have a +`Functional~Group' we can look at the failure modes of all the components +in it and decide how these will affect the Group. +Or in other words we can determine the failure modes of the functional +group. These failure modes are derived from the functional group, as so we can call +them `derived failure modes'. +We now have something very useful, because +we can now treat this functional group as a component with a known set of failure modes. +This newly derived component can be used as a higher level +building block for the system we are analysing. +Derived components, can be used +to form higher level functional groups. +This process can continue until have build a hierarcy that converges to a failure model of the entire system. +To differentiate the components derived from functional groups, we can +add a new attribute to the class `Component', that of analysis +level. +We can represet this in a UML diagram see figure \ref{fig:cfg} \begin{figure}[h] \centering - \includegraphics[width=350pt,bb=0 0 680 500,keepaspectratio=true]{component_failure_modes_definition/fmmd_uml.jpg} - % fmmd_uml.jpg: 680x500 pixel, 72dpi, 23.99x17.64 cm, bb=0 0 680 500 - \caption{UML respresentation of Failure Mode Data types} - \label{fig:fmmd_uml} + \includegraphics[width=400pt,bb=0 0 712 235,keepaspectratio=true]{./cfg.jpg} + % cfg.jpg: 712x205 pixel, 72dpi, 25.12x7.23 cm, bb=0 0 712 205 + \caption{Components Derived from Functional Groups} + \label{fig:cfg} \end{figure} -The diagram in figure \ref{fig:fmmd_uml} -shows the relationships between the terms defined in table \ref{tab:def} as classes in a UML model. -We can start with the functional group. This is a minimal collection -of components that perform a simple given function. -For our audio separates rig, this could be -the compoents that supply power to the laser diode. -From the `Functional~Group' we can now collect -all the `failure modes of the `components', and -produce a `Failure~Mode~Group'. This -has a reference to the `Functional~Group', and is a collection -of `failure modes. -By analysing the effects of the failure modes in the `Failure~Mode~Group' -we can determine the failure mode behaviour of the functional group. -This failure mode behaviour is a collection of derived failure modes. -We can now consider the Functional group as a component now, because -we have a set of failure modes for it. -\subsection{Sub-System Class Definition} -A sub-system can be defined by the classes used to create it, and -its set of derived failure modes. -In this way sub-systems naturally form trees, with the lower most leaf nodes being -base components. -Note that the UML model is recursive. We can build functional groups using sub-systems -as components. This UML model naturally therefore, forms a hierarchy -of failure mode analysis, which has a one top level entry, that being the SYSTEM. -The TOP level entry will determine the failure modes -for the product/system under analysis. - -\subsection{Refining the UML model to use inheritance} -We can refine this model a little by noticing that a system is merely the -top level sub-system. We can thus have System inherit sub-system. -A derived failure mode, is simply a failure mode at a higher level of analysis -it can therefore inherit `failure\_mode'. - -The modified UML diagram using inheritance is figure \ref{fig:fmmd_uml2}. -\begin{figure}[h] - \centering - \includegraphics[width=350pt,bb=0 0 877 675,keepaspectratio=true]{./fmmd_uml2.jpg} - % fmmd_uml2.jpg: 877x675 pixel, 72dpi, 30.94x23.81 cm, bb=0 0 877 675 - \caption{UML Representation of Failure Mode Data Types} - \label{fig:fmmd_uml2} -\end{figure} +% +% \subsection{Systems, functional groups, sub-systems and failure modes} +% +% It is helpful here to define some terms, `system', `functional~group', `component', `base~component' and `sub-system'. +% +% A System, is really any coherent entity that would be sold as a safety critical product. +% A sub-system is a part of some larger system. +% For instance a stereo amplifier separate is a sub-system. The +% whole Sound System, consists perhaps of the following `sub-systems': +% CD-player, tuner, amplifier~separate, loudspeakers and ipod~interface. +% +% %Thinking like this is a top~down analysis approach +% %and is the way in which FTA\cite{nucfta} analyses a System +% %and breaks it down. +% +% A sub-system will be composed of component parts, which +% may themselves be sub-systems. +% +% Eventually by a recursive downwards process we would be able to identify +% sub-systems built from base component parts. +% Each `component part' +% will have a known fault/failure behaviour. +% That is to say, each base component has a set of known +% ways in which it can fail. +% +% If we look at the sound system again as an +% example; the CD~player could fail in serveral distinct ways, no matter +% what has happened to it or has gone wrong inside it. +% +% A top down approach has an intrinsic problem in that we cannot guess +% every possible failure mode at the SYSTEM level. +% Using the reasoning that working from the bottom up forces the consideration of all possible +% component failures (which could be missed in a top~down approach) +% we are presented with a problem. Which initial collections of base components should we choose ? +% +% For instance in the CD~player example; to start at the bottom; we are presented with +% a massive list of base~components, resistors, motors, user~switches, laser~diodes all sorts ! +% Clearly, working from the bottom~up we need to pick small +% collections of components that work together in some way. +% These are termed `functional~groups'. For instance the circuitry that powers the laser diode +% to illuminate the CD might contain a handful of components, and as such would make a good candidate +% to be one of the base level functional~groups. +% +% +% In choosing the lowest level (base component) sub-systems we would look +% for the smallest `functional~groups' of components within a system. A functional~group is a set of components that interact +% to perform a specific function. +% +% When we have analysed the fault behaviour of a functional group, we can treat it as a `black box'. +% We can now call our functional~group a sub-system. The goal here is to know how will behave under fault conditions ! +% %Imagine buying one such `sub~system' from a very honest vendor. +% %One of those sir, yes but be warned it may fail in these distinct ways, here +% %in the honest data sheet the set of failure modes is listed! +% This type of thinking is starting to become more commonplace in product literature, with the emergence +% of reliability safety standards such as IOC1508\cite{sccs},EN61508\cite{en61508}. +% FIT (Failure in Time - expected number of failures per billion hours of operation) values +% are published for some micro-controllers. A micro~controller +% is a complex sub-system in its self and could be considered a `black~box' with a given reliability. +% \footnote{Microchip sources give an FIT of 4 for their PIC18 series micro~controllers\cite{microchip}, The DOD +% 1991 reliability manual\cite{mil1991} applies a FIT of 100 for this generic type of component} +% +% As electrical components have detailed datasheets a useful extension of this would +% be failure modes of the component, with environmental factors and MTTF statistics. +% +% Currently this sort of information is generally only available for generic component types\cite{mil1991}. +% +% +% %At higher levels of analysis, functional~groups are pre-analysed sub-systems that interact to +% %erform a given function. +% +% %\vspace{0.3cm} +% \begin{table}[h] +% \begin{tabular}{||l|l||} \hline \hline +% {\em Definition } & {\em Description} \\ \hline +% System & A product designed to \\ +% & work as a coherent entity \\ \hline +% Sub-system & A part of a system, \\ +% & sub-systems may contain sub-systems \\ \hline +% Failure mode & A way in which a System, \\ +% & Sub-system or component can fail \\ \hline +% Functional Group & A collection of sub-systems and/or \\ +% & components that interact to \\ +% & perform a specific function \\ \hline +% Failure Mode & The collection of all failure \\ +% Group & modes from all the members of a \\ +% & functional group \\ \hline +% Derived & A failure mode determined from the analysis \\ +% Failure mode & of a `Failure Mode Group' \\ \hline +% Base Component & Any bought in component, which \\ +% & hopefully has a known set of failure modes \\ \hline +% \hline +% component_failure_modes_definition/ +% \end{tabular} +% \label{tab:def} +% \caption{Table of FMMD definitions} +% \end{table} +% %\vspace{0.3cm} +% +% \section{A UML Model of terms introduced} +% % % \begin{figure}[h] % \centering -% \includegraphics[width=350pt,bb=0 0 680 500,keepaspectratio=true]{component_failure_modes_definition/fmmd_uml2.jpg} +% \includegraphics[width=350pt,bb=0 0 680 500,keepaspectratio=true]{component_failure_modes_definition/fmmd_uml.jpg} % % fmmd_uml.jpg: 680x500 pixel, 72dpi, 23.99x17.64 cm, bb=0 0 680 500 % \caption{UML respresentation of Failure Mode Data types} +% \label{fig:fmmd_uml} +% \end{figure} +% +% The diagram in figure \ref{fig:fmmd_uml} +% shows the relationships between the terms defined in table \ref{tab:def} as classes in a UML model. +% We can start with the functional group. This is a minimal collection +% of components that perform a simple given function. +% For our audio separates rig, this could be +% the compoents that supply power to the laser diode. +% From the `Functional~Group' we can now collect +% all the `failure modes of the `components', and +% produce a `Failure~Mode~Group'. This +% has a reference to the `Functional~Group', and is a collection +% of `failure modes. +% By analysing the effects of the failure modes in the `Failure~Mode~Group' +% we can determine the failure mode behaviour of the functional group. +% This failure mode behaviour is a collection of derived failure modes. +% We can now consider the Functional group as a component now, because +% we have a set of failure modes for it. +% +% \subsection{Sub-System Class Definition} +% A sub-system can be defined by the classes used to create it, and +% its set of derived failure modes. +% In this way sub-systems naturally form trees, with the lower most leaf nodes being +% base components. +% Note that the UML model is recursive. We can build functional groups using sub-systems +% as components. This UML model naturally therefore, forms a hierarchy +% of failure mode analysis, which has a one top level entry, that being the SYSTEM. +% The TOP level entry will determine the failure modes +% for the product/system under analysis. +% +% \subsection{Refining the UML model to use inheritance} +% We can refine this model a little by noticing that a system is merely the +% top level sub-system. We can thus have System inherit sub-system. +% A derived failure mode, is simply a failure mode at a higher level of analysis +% it can therefore inherit `failure\_mode'. +% +% The modified UML diagram using inheritance is figure \ref{fig:fmmd_uml2}. +% \begin{figure}[h] +% \centering +% \includegraphics[width=350pt,bb=0 0 877 675,keepaspectratio=true]{./fmmd_uml2.jpg} +% % fmmd_uml2.jpg: 877x675 pixel, 72dpi, 30.94x23.81 cm, bb=0 0 877 675 +% \caption{UML Representation of Failure Mode Data Types} % \label{fig:fmmd_uml2} % \end{figure} +% % +% % \begin{figure}[h] +% % \centering +% % \includegraphics[width=350pt,bb=0 0 680 500,keepaspectratio=true]{component_failure_modes_definition/fmmd_uml2.jpg} +% % % fmmd_uml.jpg: 680x500 pixel, 72dpi, 23.99x17.64 cm, bb=0 0 680 500 +% % \caption{UML respresentation of Failure Mode Data types} +% % \label{fig:fmmd_uml2} +% % \end{figure} \subsection{Unitary State Component Failure Mode sets} @@ -233,7 +324,10 @@ Thus if the failure modes of $F$ are unitary~state, we can say $F \in U$. A component with simple ``unitary~state'' failure modes is the electrical resistor. Electrical resistors can fail by going OPEN or SHORTED. -However they cannot fail with both conditions active. The conditions + +For a given resistor R we can assign it the failure mode by applying +the function $FM$ thus $ FM(R) = \{R_{SHORTED},R_{OPEN}\} $. +Nothing can fail with both conditions open and short active at the same time ! The conditions OPEN and SHORT are mutually exclusive. Because of this the failure mode set $F=FM(R)$ is `unitary~state'. @@ -244,31 +338,33 @@ $$ R_{SHORTED} \cap R_{OPEN} = \emptyset $$ We can make this a general case by taking a set $C$ (where $c1, c2 \in C$) representing a collection -of component failure modes, +of component failure modes. We can now state that $$ c1 \cap c2 \neq \emptyset | c1 \neq c2 \wedge c1,c2 \in C \wedge C \not\in U $$ -That is to say that if it is impossible that any pair of failure modes can be active at the same time -the failure mode set is not unitary~state and does not exist in the family of sets $U$ +That is to say that it is impossible that any pair of failure modes can be active at the same time +for the failure mode set $C$ to exists in the family of sets $U$ Note where that are more than two failure~modes, by banning pairs from happening at the same time - we have banned larger combinations as well + we have banned larger combinations as well. \subsection{Component Failure Modes and Statistical Sample Space} %\paragraph{NOT WRITTEN YET PLEASE IGNORE} A sample space is defined as the set of all possible outcomes. +Here the outcomes we are interested in are the failure modes +of the component. When dealing with failure modes, we are not interested in -the state where the compoent is working perfectly or `OK' (i.e. operating with no error). +the state where the component is working perfectly or `OK' (i.e. operating with no error). We are interested only in ways in which it can fail. By definition while all components in a system are `working perfectly' -that system will not exhibit faulty behavuiour. +that system will not exhibit faulty behaviour. Thus the statistical sample space $\Omega$ for a component/sub-system K is %$$ \Omega = {OK, failure\_mode_{1},failure\_mode_{2},failure\_mode_{3} ... failure\_mode_{N} $$ -$$ \Omega(K) = \{OK, failure\_mode_{1},failure\_mode_{2},failure\_mode_{3} ... failure\_mode_{N}\} $$ +$$ \Omega(K) = \{OK, failure\_mode_{1},failure\_mode_{2},failure\_mode_{3}, ... ,failure\_mode_{N}\} $$ The failure mode set for a given component or sub-system $F$ is therefore $$ F = \Omega(K) \backslash OK $$ diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/componentpl.dia b/component_failure_modes_definition/componentpl.dia new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57e5d4898caa1f621378348d7e1612d17fe02594 GIT binary patch literal 1336 zcmV-81;_dyiwFP!000021MOQ|Z{j!Y{$6`1EZalM*FaNsj{qGBR2@G!<|GHl=Tp-Wt}os;w7CT|NDy)9hwws1Us zTEvM=D3^7}NgPLviUL(8OLjRk&2`*YS0`8R-QykEPHhOBO&jF`mx^Q1spPBe z)!v-MlmFOMmcjlbsR(Ei7>~y1_{H4SAgTi4!N~jz9!^#@JmpO3U~RS*@efL2U_Us( zs!l*%KHA(*CROi=8b1|b#I^_|gTVF>L4Y58;9LgAA~t`T#)+tx2iJ-xhsaf=9@ADq zT;SMn|3x}r%@_}7vK`CQZN*-T*gE;!F{pRPU{%!l`xN%vTV(K8_9FKvj7kdQt`sJKxb}kwAhtD< zxIl3Mv4$Q%KF$!4>s|;cv$;4?ZB%U9)--R=4(uwO+;5p*!GvsS=#ErDZ6$RqWD{a` z-*~2T9&OaXs7OsCm76SGE4?Zn{hdWCCi#@^R~6@vptfTgb`1m`gl&8D63{~$zM6`c zKpobGM-C7m>;|MduTacc^LjF|oR@R?N|eUR@4T(C%7;|l9J`@dZ=y<8=fvs(oC}7B zb*9!W3Ra~d#=x@F-@c1)K$gBx9xW4Q{22$VS0>%c)JVr(nclN9{lNumDEUceWr6@@ zOz^eVO9}=0zLPV~h3+t~$sx(*$+rB8$CP(=04Cduo}}n)q)2W6TsWO2LwGerjRt{;NulTAU5fqVidE_^ekyx~UB4I!V>O z0(FTEkyKyfgjRgrQK zM+uSABO7=g&LExJ&?5kT=_N_KBsI{m7o_(rNX;kuZdW~eL)o?U- zsm&2KzaQJ7U;lYMs@tJQt@O9n8}+DuXWIGzd-GO3msG-QDUIrs!AI74$K=oqn}fCGD!z$irTg zZc&uFe*_J{qT<$jf>xjul7s>Bu+yKQ^`dl&hrK4h(ys9yM^VSEHY*M#Xjh-IVd&!IxLYci#b|`qE$EIsgDFQI`?` literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/component_failure_modes_definition/componentpl.jpg b/component_failure_modes_definition/componentpl.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a635c7194772b99c26763b4fad22a820e8edab39 GIT binary patch literal 7031 zcmdT|2{@E{+y9Rl#_nJw>y#yglqCs`C0jytA{7=$U#jcvXo@4s4O{TvP6;* zEw(Hfdt_^5OM{u`d7nAw?VOYAJLmnr_q)FDI`1>rJ#)=9&&=HS|Gw|vegA%N4?G0E z+hb~B3Q#BjP{;$oRA3A^IXJK!?3`FEmWzv%n-|B&%frJfCL}C?lM=^EONmQLZjjre zut7#eR#H+?TS;Z>Hcd@Uyn>GY4t2dP8k*{?A3iIjLP zDLEze`i-=l+}n5V=H=hJ|8r^CqjK`&ippp8&l@O>FPfU$JKlD7b@#mM9Ugfr#R^89OHYvK|_;$p*K&=@Q$E)-iJVrW4O`^Ie?LWZ{3 z!`{L&>JgkcqlD~|IxblayIGMVK5g9V1BAt#J&W960S0u-u#GTi+X{nbW-Z+o23%gx2`iiM%Wh;Ca4&KzqFZ1v ztV)l8!R~q(C@&%J%oy^u-@#zwI&my)kfGeFm?c1f!B6B7JX2VJQA~wF)S5poHpmIr zg8?Koc#*icmoQ)J1>uO#oaY3fOEHiG4F=Diu#x`u?$|d*FdV%{Xu7s(3wxlKl@H&_ zKTI2>v4!d#whVoW>b&?~f9HaWNiY&l%knMa$I~@1c&CVNRlFbIRDScGrJnuHs5@^{ zMpc?H%^zfZ!=Fm;l&*;`+J`d1tuYbnY5R^dXA5awT0E8^m!o+w`}gM0m+U|p>L}=W z8;C0AT%T{0pv224zc4pZK^@^ZryqoYaHzUaPZ%T`7r}s93niJEF_hF|G8ff|qqIgC zNanuxLed`y^}}E>XXiijZ|5dJm~e$b6Ez;vS@VUjX~U(~x2%ZP&Ii1Q!4;%NxGjgr znLLBby52Bo{F?tL`Pl_1>J#JEV;H6ZfdqL3b#1zD9x`U=_RScllUv zq}+(eP)O%%wA*F3=(+c$Rb?TT*F04m_GH&b*+c6N$L{!KApX|Y1mM201E2hPRMp=V zdCd%!kzIL9U&z|huaQ8Bi5X_@2Wq3Y*JexJ`_ekHhnlBM4Ke2or6xU6cF3GOmLMC) z;n*L}t#6?TRu+gtE6T53zFlB?l6nibb4F;U4 z2uvx#VA%k{De zN>es&sGWDHks|gXhhWh~0=u|~O&eQlX-H4*kt;SRCeYv=t(}6ox*5TcMCe4g2&8f;-6!9wZaOkKA#?P(u5i+PvvoQ>ziz1OCrG93P`nMXTr<};?snO_SqqK5_fekNxC}J<%99`Y zfT!&bUf2ZsU1!~GO3Jm%1or#BJ)%nIo5Byy^Q)Y zazhFvta;AKQ0t}0dfs!Fs!qHZ&6gyBiTom>#hgcZVeu*P?*qsux{64NkIJ&;_{3{0 zaoo4gq4YjWozBW)BPsrB)yNn-&UjP1q%}zVm^>je4g(&-2Y(op6s^MGXcm{AZs7@= zIko5OQk+uKkEZpu$wZ5FY?&Ot!4@8@{5GQFNnnz#0XuGuor8g(zpAWFyy>bxE%{N) zQek@Jn`A-8om-aL3c6-?=ecJTvv^@Zd#y%LT~y)AqZ-SeLVF)5wRaCn~`x0ZAZX*V>gjDh$LS2m&8+9iFZK~ zPh=`y`7QBxs|vhJE1u=cWf~}=-a07doC=fgE>QWLPyCs-IQ_8H!gZ2YIBVXDl+mhgz!2uQdzp4$a+!T3{QEi{&@3(-{}(-c6G;r%9N;%1R3Lu*t5I zB^a52U96g_fPoZ}7QHz&=7pl##r+P3KOmzL2BR54sZgDR+lo>?ss?+cmOpfRbJUA= z&x;2rHZu+p8JqJWDfjsA6ftX!o;KMS zjo)X+QK2T%NK}ifR;lz`de|2ncs=C0`1h2ah4}|c%+qOe_O*fT{vk3hoR6$_nv29Q zrMGfj5xhid;V%~BHB<@F);kuizst&$qNe+*nryQ%c~k%9c-5N{#=dpB(WvQ!Y5UV} z^o&)mWNbA{xFP$ttd(SKbiuQ!F;DXy!)R%V_^y2_u?UHW%gAgrxbgKm+Ij8^8VO>t z;e;3rKRrvpBBz=%_W2-VTk)xKGI_qgs6@ZUX~wF2DQ8rfX8V}$-s72`22<}=ZtASo zE3&9lYVv(Y*OS9Xwl#V^u*fe{4_#eQ&foBz=vY%7_O7>q)DMA6zHV0TB7FjZY!58i zUhpPFPdNHs6*$v&oOnE6F5V-Mz1d_V$u!zvSkixgWSvx_(?ZCql`BD#9&g{O`n)&E zM&zE+Q?z9H%V?eHpH1RwB1*dMO|~k;EH0PT1?y*A!e7i7fM#^|o+;ru(CcK_%yD(Y zF^vC|hJkd2t%*10le)2{kEYsKvtWc`5B9Wsc0D?>C*En{#Al_^k}KMs#n@=;$E|Ue zG!?1B-4dx^mir&JBrRwp0J{LYNM%^*Pb_QDfXxiDgkBjXQ!j=J&fu^ zUrm|r^1A5{LPSJf1xcSA@7VJ0vxM{XVLy`x&VyRxDK~LR8tV6aB)pqiFudswHopL> zG;w5bS$UAZc18gPx2H{{ku@Ok$?P;VLR_&f+lQL9ge>@@VBm#cv6Vm1jx3pVYRhsv zMVZya$=%5lIACjn1NK-_wVs{@{|zs>fOaZ%u+i6B1t z^%}W7hS?45MXB7)@+IWT#5%{GqV7TN(f7RDXZb&llOpQ}glgMuV)$NlwM(hJtYu;5h?|N5NRGOv$m*qMOBN=5XwwlZXdOmuh8 z$)_ai#|_+3?N0X^wXoNbAWSh5c~H~I%io~hY&J$j;5k*^KV-uH4o|Tjc{Kly-?46Lc6bB%T z&k+XuKV2ctB9x$qMG;D&yg^AA3?b{u!>@au$Z@7kjSiBqMi?A6V{C3&$qe;{L1aAi z8~;0y`FR%|nZ{T=6Csfg2va}KwLtuY)!(S7J@M`8`%H!;aS36N1u(exrIA420fUdf z@sR%yPwFA1AoQy6Fr_dbVSCOaRS2VLf`Mu6+v*-S4H?GEvg2YezOX%ch8*Nt)}@$3 z0!o~`cMh^~)?uHh;!v+9!z4S)4j$?#(CX*k?An zy1!p3)QR04zYl72wkZw!@@gS;DC6wMGeV&~)Qoox{$=~H2)p1+UBSK!Ll%NqD*2%lF*bU#KM*T5r?QQ08-FQ~cT1aqNdTBQ|@FRHiASQ>tcT+gtqo zJ@aon*qv&+Z`AIbYX0t!d4PHhdjz+&p=(XwVjCAmag#@|QQXJNWx{>o7EhO&Ryrnr z-S#T}^>jwZ%x2bmk%P32S*71iv4_Gkz0|IG-T!z+zwKV{Wpb3*Q>mykYf3I_R)KM? zg^$>?xf`KEs(v^WQo4VvTEg(}^(r!f+lNJ%&o@=8xTbX+vTO~ciEH{N7y71iTq8_C zFhZ&R*gx^~KXwi>egAJfDIoGq;AgLd`X{!mx*h1$rk{8@ekyQR=;fPNw?{vHHkW?> z+O%tlD-wV<4-9nM_i&xY*^bO40emesI9#cDdb;50F4hDCG9I_l@7^?I; zLxcRGJK7P}?l1^xd%^tL_F!-v2IW!|dsY$jMR>Ng^80NMuP8ey9nY1MB!{ zEMdY}0J8XjI9Ev+4q)gZl0*!$LKhL}ti^>z24<_m5MiPonLG}7#@TqfOD&?3ASzmu zay+DMARWO%K*p9qL|oa5EP2U|Fp$WFM7+}?$z3ZMw?gc_6E*2WF;-SgmBFhiC;|;rcRPY1V)7DnOvG zp(}p^kt~?}GgHo-8$=pU2$?mTr;*On@)K#He}XK=FA+bAAS^B?EnI+&*rYex&Ad=Z zT(s+Et>X~{WE(#X)!EmsDE*NOu5}Xe2RbVXjoC1(5O$?KCtpk|Yaw~lQ;la^mO3At zxKI~E9VzdHg0C_mYamtid4v`5ztmE}A~#Dx`AaR8B^DMF{#r}T5-`YNx%lT=YPdez zf1W#f&M=S<8SZ92N7Tt%Ckp5}bEy|0S-OLLXEmM~=YE@6{3>ggyhI%RY)iv{WL4{@(F|SZ!kYseC`z}(dO5*Pvr}V8(tbyAgz{tm z0(lW7_piYl*|WYKB5NlABJX{(`22B%{Js7>H*;7{+kT$f7c@vIHQbC#)X`$ejGP

~XcVFZd>-{ga25vN!J)&I^2@VkEiZVs7} literal 0 HcmV?d00001